论文标题
十二个核心偏转超新星的晚期光学演变：正常风的检测
The Late Time Optical Evolution of Twelve Core-Collapse Supernovae: Detection of Normal Stellar Winds
论文作者
论文摘要
我们分析了在最后$ {\ sim} $ 41年中发生的12个超新星（SNE）的晚期演变，包括使用大型双眼望远镜（LBT）和差异成像的UBVR光学数据，其中包括9型IIIP/L，两个IIB和1个IB/C。我们看到了11个II型SNE（八型IIP/L，一个IIB）中的九个时间（5至42年）发射。我们认为放射性衰减，室外培养基（CSM）相互作用，脉冲星/发动机驱动的发射，灰尘回声和冲击扰动的二进制伴侣是可能的发射来源。观察到的发射最自然地解释为CSM与红色超级巨星的正常恒星风的相互作用，其质量损失率在$ -7.9 \ -7.9 \ lodsim \ log_ {10}（M_ \ odot \ odot \ text {yr} {yr} {yr} {}} {} { - 1}^{ - 1}^{-1}）\ LINSSIM-44.4.8 $。我们还对IB/C型SN 2012FH的任何冲击加热二元伴侣的存在放置，并为IIB SN型SN 2011DH提供了祖细胞光度法，这是SN的六个SNE中唯一的SN sNE中的唯一一个SN的SN已足够褪色以允许测量。结果与前探索哈勃太空望远镜（HST）图像的测量一致。
We analyze the late time evolution of 12 supernovae (SNe) occurring over the last ${\sim}$41 years, including nine Type IIP/L, two IIb, and one Ib/c, using UBVR optical data from the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) and difference imaging. We see late time (5 to 42 years) emission from nine of the eleven Type II SNe (eight Type IIP/L, one IIb). We consider radioactive decay, circumstellar medium (CSM) interactions, pulsar/engine driven emission, dust echoes, and shock perturbed binary companions as possible sources of emission. The observed emission is most naturally explained as CSM interactions with the normal stellar winds of red supergiants with mass loss rates in the range $-7.9\lesssim \log_{10}(M_\odot\text{yr}{}^{-1}) \lesssim-4.8$. We also place constraints on the presence of any shock heated binary companion to the Type Ib/c SN 2012fh and provide progenitor photometry for the Type IIb SN 2011dh, the only one of the six SNe with pre-explosion LBT observations where the SN has faded sufficiently to allow the measurement. The results are consistent with measurements from pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images.
