论文标题

有毒的清算螺旋

Toxic Liquidation Spirals

论文作者

Warmuz, Jakub, Chaudhary, Amit, Pinna, Daniele

论文摘要

2022年11月22日,贷款平台AAVE V2(在以太坊上)由于重大清算事件而导致的坏账,涉及一家用户使用USDC作为抵押品的单个用户借用了近4000万美元的CRV代币。该事件促使AAVE社区考虑更改其清算阈值,以及可以在平台上借用的流动性硬币数量的限制。在本文中,我们认为AAVE产生的坏账并不是由于当天CRV/USDC价格活动过多的波动性,而是清算逻辑中的基本缺陷,该缺陷在平台上触发了有毒的清算螺旋。我们注意到,这种缺陷是由许多主要的贷款市场所共有的,可以通过简单的更改来驱动清算,可以轻松克服这种缺陷。我们声称,一旦用户的贷款价值(LTV)比率超过一定的阈值值,就可以停止所有清算,这可以防止将来的有毒清算螺旋螺旋出现,并在贷款市场可能会产生的坏账中提供了可观的改善。此外,我们强烈认为,协议应制定动态清算激励措施和结束因素策略,以实现最佳的协议风险管理。

On November 22nd 2022, the lending platform AAVE v2 (on Ethereum) incurred bad debt resulting from a major liquidation event involving a single user who had borrowed close to \$40M of CRV tokens using USDC as collateral. This incident has prompted the Aave community to consider changes to its liquidation threshold, and limitations on the number of illiquid coins that can be borrowed on the platform. In this paper, we argue that the bad debt incurred by AAVE was not due to excess volatility in CRV/USDC price activity on that day, but rather a fundamental flaw in the liquidation logic which triggered a toxic liquidation spiral on the platform. We note that this flaw, which is shared by a number of major DeFi lending markets, can be easily overcome with simple changes to the incentives driving liquidations. We claim that halting all liquidations once a user's loan-to-value (LTV) ratio surpasses a certain threshold value can prevent future toxic liquidation spirals and offer substantial improvement in the bad debt that a lending market can expect to incur. Furthermore, we strongly argue that protocols should enact dynamic liquidation incentives and closing factor policies moving forward for optimal management of protocol risk.

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