论文标题
NGEHT模型库的黑洞数值模拟中的积聚流形态:辐射物理的影响
Accretion Flow Morphology in Numerical Simulations of Black Holes from the ngEHT Model Library: The Impact of Radiation Physics
论文作者
论文摘要
在过去的几年中,活动Horizon望远镜(EHT)提供了有史以来的第一个事件范围的超级质量黑洞(BHS)(M87*)和Sagittarius A $^*$(sgr a*)。下一代EHT项目是EHT阵列的扩展,该阵列有望更大的角度分辨率和更高的敏感性对围绕中心环状结构的昏暗,扩展通量的敏感性,从而可能将积聚流量和射流连接起来。 NGEHT分析挑战旨在了解合成图像和电影的科学萃取性,以告知NGEHT阵列设计和分析算法开发。在这项工作中,我们比较了专门针对M87*和SGR A*的数值流体模拟中的积聚流结构和动力学,并用于在挑战集中构建源模型。我们考虑(1)具有时间依赖性剪切热点的稳态轴对称辐射效率低下的吸收流模型,(2)两个时间依赖的单流体一般相对论磁性水力动力学(GRMHD)模拟,来自H-AMR代码((3)两座GRMHD的模拟BHAC代码,以及(3)BHAC代码,以及(4)An an Grm grmmhe grmhe(4)。来自Koral Code。我们发现,除电子温度外,不同模型表现出非常相似的时间和空间特性,因为辐射损失基本上冷却了BH附近和射流鞘,这表明了辐射冷却的重要性,即使是缓慢积聚M87*的BHS的重要性。我们将自己限制在标准的圆环积聚流中,并为未来的工作提供更大的替代积聚模型的探索。
In the past few years, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has provided the first-ever event horizon-scale images of the supermassive black holes (BHs) (M87*) and Sagittarius A$^*$ (Sgr A*). The next-generation EHT project is an extension of the EHT array that promises larger angular resolution and higher sensitivity to the dim, extended flux around the central ring-like structure, possibly connecting the accretion flow and the jet. The ngEHT Analysis Challenges aim to understand the science extractability from synthetic images and movies to inform the ngEHT array design and analysis algorithm development. In this work, we compare the accretion flow structure and dynamics in numerical fluid simulations that specifically target M87* and Sgr A*, and were used to construct the source models in the challenge set. We consider (1) a steady-state axisymmetric radiatively inefficient accretion flow model with a time-dependent shearing hotspot, (2) two time-dependent single fluid general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations from the H-AMR code, (3) a two-temperature GRMHD simulation from the BHAC code, and (4) a two-temperature radiative GRMHD simulation from the KORAL code. We find that the different models exhibit remarkably similar temporal and spatial properties, except for the electron temperature, since radiative losses substantially cool down electrons near the BH and the jet sheath, signaling the importance of radiative cooling even for slowly accreting BHs such as M87*. We restrict ourselves to standard torus accretion flows, and leave larger explorations of alternate accretion models to future work.