论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
Prototype as Query for Few Shot Semantic Segmentation
论文作者
论文摘要
储层计算是预测湍流的有力工具,其简单的架构具有处理大型系统的计算效率。然而,其实现通常需要完整的状态向量测量和系统非线性知识。我们使用非线性投影函数将系统测量扩展到高维空间,然后将其输入到储层中以获得预测。我们展示了这种储层计算网络在时空混沌系统上的应用,该系统模拟了湍流的若干特征。我们表明,使用径向基函数作为非线性投影器,即使只有部分观测并且不知道控制方程,也能稳健地捕捉复杂的系统非线性。最后,我们表明,当测量稀疏、不完整且带有噪声,甚至控制方程变得不准确时,我们的网络仍然可以产生相当准确的预测,从而为实际湍流系统的无模型预测铺平了道路。
Few-shot Semantic Segmentation (FSS) was proposed to segment unseen classes in a query image, referring to only a few annotated examples named support images. One of the characteristics of FSS is spatial inconsistency between query and support targets, e.g., texture or appearance. This greatly challenges the generalization ability of methods for FSS, which requires to effectively exploit the dependency of the query image and the support examples. Most existing methods abstracted support features into prototype vectors and implemented the interaction with query features using cosine similarity or feature concatenation. However, this simple interaction may not capture spatial details in query features. To alleviate this limitation, a few methods utilized all pixel-wise support information via computing the pixel-wise correlations between paired query and support features implemented with the attention mechanism of Transformer. These approaches suffer from heavy computation on the dot-product attention between all pixels of support and query features. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective framework built upon Transformer termed as ProtoFormer to fully capture spatial details in query features. It views the abstracted prototype of the target class in support features as Query and the query features as Key and Value embeddings, which are input to the Transformer decoder. In this way, the spatial details can be better captured and the semantic features of target class in the query image can be focused. The output of the Transformer-based module can be viewed as semantic-aware dynamic kernels to filter out the segmentation mask from the enriched query features. Extensive experiments on PASCAL-$5^{i}$ and COCO-$20^{i}$ show that our ProtoFormer significantly advances the state-of-the-art methods.