论文标题

使量子本地验证符可模拟使用潜在应用以零知识

Making Quantum Local Verifiers Simulable with Potential Applications to Zero-Knowledge

论文作者

Chen, Lijie, Movassagh, Ramis

论文摘要

最近,Chen和Movassagh提出了Quantum Merkle树,这是著名古典默克尔树的量子类似物。它为量子状态承诺提供了简洁的验证协议。尽管他们只证明了针对半honest掠夺者的安全性,但他们猜想了其一般安全。他们使用拟议的量子默克尔树,给出了基利安对NP简洁论点的量子类似物,该论点基于概率可检查的证明(PCP)。 Kilian论点的一个不错的特征是,如果基础PCP为零,则可以将其扩展到NP的零知识简洁论点。因此,一个自然的问题是,是否也可以通过陈的量子和Movassagh零知识来制作量子简洁的论点。这项工作在这个问题上取得了进展。我们概括了Broadbent和Grilo的最新结果,以表明可以使任何局部量子验证者都可以模拟,而完整性和健全性的降低略有降低。粗略地说,如果可以在不知道实际量子证明的情况下计算验证者的本地视图,则可以模拟局部量子验证者。它可以看作是经典零知识PCP的量子类似物。因此,我们猜想将陈的简洁量子论证和Movassagh应用于可模拟的局部验证者确实是零知识。

Recently Chen and Movassagh proposed the quantum Merkle tree, which is a quantum analogue of the well-known classical Merkle tree. It gives a succinct verification protocol for quantum state commitment. Although they only proved security against semi-honest provers, they conjectured its general security. Using the proposed quantum Merkle tree, they gave a quantum analogue of Kilian's succinct argument for NP, which is based on probabilistically checkable proofs (PCPs). A nice feature of Kilian's argument is that it can be extended to a zero-knowledge succinct argument for NP, if the underlying PCP is zero-knowledge. Hence, a natural question is whether one can also make the quantum succinct argument by Chen and Movassagh zero-knowledge as well. This work makes progress on this problem. We generalize the recent result of Broadbent and Grilo to show that any local quantum verifier can be made simulable with a minor reduction in completeness and soundness. Roughly speaking, a local quantum verifier is simulable if in the yes case, the local views of the verifier can be computed without knowing the actual quantum proof; it can be seen as the quantum analogue of the classical zero-knowledge PCPs. Hence we conjecture that applying the proposed succinct quantum argument of Chen and Movassagh to a simulable local verifier is indeed zero-knowledge.

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