论文标题
通过古代卫星的迁移来倾斜天王星
Tilting Uranus via the migration of an ancient satellite
论文作者
论文摘要
语境。天王星的98°综合性通常归因于行星形成结束时发生的巨大冲击。然而,这张照片并非没有弱点。 目标。在数十亿年的时间范围内,木星和土星的卫星的潮汐迁移已显示出强烈影响其自旋轴动动力学。我们旨在根据这种机制来重新审视倾斜天王星的情况。 方法。我们分析了天王星的进动光谱,并确定可能导致倾斜的候选世俗旋转轨道共振。我们确定了捕获所需的假设古代卫星的特性,并以数值方式探索动力学。 结果。如果它迁移了10多个天王星的半径,则具有最小质量4e-4天王星质量的单个卫星能够从小倾斜中倾斜天王星,并使其趋于90°。为了在少于太阳系的年龄中实现倾斜度,卫星的平均漂移速率必须与月球的当前轨道膨胀相媲美。在这些条件下,模拟表明天王星很容易在80°的上倾斜。除此之外,卫星是强烈不稳定的,并触发了行星旋转轴的混乱运动阶段。当卫星碰撞到地球上时,混乱的阶段结束了,最终将地球的倾斜冻结在术中或明确逆行状态(如今如今)。旋转状态类似于天王星的状态可以以高达80%的概率获得,但较大的卫星受到青睐,质量为1.7e-3天王星的质量或更多。然而,较小的古代卫星并未明确排除,并且在未来的研究中有改善这种基本情况的空间。几个先前存在的卫星之间的相互作用是一种有希望的可能性。
Context. The 98°-obliquity of Uranus is commonly attributed to giant impacts that occurred at the end of the planetary formation. This picture, however, is not devoid of weaknesses. Aims. On a billion-year timescale, the tidal migration of the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn has been shown to strongly affect their spin-axis dynamics. We aim to revisit the scenario of tilting Uranus in light of this mechanism. Methods. We analyse the precession spectrum of Uranus and identify the candidate secular spin-orbit resonances that could be responsible for the tilting. We determine the properties of the hypothetical ancient satellite required for a capture and explore the dynamics numerically. Results. If it migrates over 10 Uranus' radii, a single satellite with minimum mass 4e-4 Uranus' mass is able to tilt Uranus from a small obliquity and make it converge towards 90°. In order to achieve the tilting in less than the age of the Solar System, the mean drift rate of the satellite must be comparable to the Moon's current orbital expansion. Under these conditions, simulations show that Uranus is readily tilted over 80°. Beyond this point, the satellite is strongly destabilised and triggers a phase of chaotic motion for the planet's spin axis. The chaotic phase ends when the satellite collides into the planet, ultimately freezing the planet's obliquity in either a prograde, or plainly retrograde state (as Uranus today). Spin states resembling that of Uranus can be obtained with probabilities as large as 80%, but a bigger satellite is favoured, with mass 1.7e-3 Uranus' mass or more. Yet, a smaller ancient satellite is not categorically ruled out, and there is room for improving this basic scenario in future studies. Interactions among several pre-existing satellites is a promising possibility.