用HAWC在TEV区域的质子和氦射线的氦气光谱的测量

论文标题

用HAWC在TEV区域的质子和氦射线的氦气光谱的测量

A measurement of the proton plus helium spectrum of cosmic rays in the TeV region with HAWC

论文作者

HAWC Collaboration, Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Camacho, J. R. Angeles, Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Espinoza, C., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kieda, D., Kunde, G. J., Lara, A., Lee, W. H., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Willox, E., Zhou, H., de León, C., Álvarez, J. D., Yodh, G. B., Zepeda, A.

论文摘要

HAWC是一种旨在研究TEV Gamma和Cosmic Rays的空调探测器。观测站由$ 22000 \，m^2 $ $ 300 $的$ 300 $ Water Cherenkov Tanks（$ 4.5 \，M $ DEEP X $ 7.3 \，M $直径），每个$ 4 $ PHOTOMULTIPLIPLIER（PMT）。该仪器在活动期间注册了HIT PMT的数量，定时信息和PMTS的总费用。从这些数据中，估计淋浴可观察到到达方向，核心位置，侧向年龄和初级能量。在这项工作中，我们研究了淋浴时代的分布与HAWC从2015年6月至2019年6月收集的淋浴数据样本的主要能量，并根据对QGSJET-II-04的预测进行了淋浴时的削减，以分离由H主导的事件的子样本和He Primaries。使用这些数据和专门的分析，我们将H+He的宇宙射线光谱从$ 6 $ $ $ 158 $ TEV重建，这表明在$ 24 $ TEV的情况下，柔软的存在为$4.1σ$。

HAWC is an air-shower detector designed to study TeV gamma and cosmic rays. The observatory is composed of a $22000 \, m^2$ array of $300$ water Cherenkov tanks ($4.5 \, m$ deep x $7.3 \, m$ diameter) with $4$ photomultipliers (PMT) each. The instrument registers the number of hit PMTs, the timing information and the total charge at the PMTs during the event. From these data, shower observables such as the arrival direction, the core position at ground, the lateral age and the primary energy are estimated. In this work, we study the distribution of the shower age vs the primary energy of a sample of shower data collected by HAWC from June 2015 to June 2019 and employ a shower-age cut based on predictions of QGSJET-II-04 to separate a subsample of events dominated by H and He primaries. Using these data and a dedicated analysis, we reconstruct the cosmic ray spectrum of H+He from $6$ to $158$ TeV, which shows the presence of a softening at around $24$ TeV with a statistical significance of $4.1σ$.

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