论文标题

Grato:图形神经网络框架通过神经体系结构搜索过度光滑

GraTO: Graph Neural Network Framework Tackling Over-smoothing with Neural Architecture Search

论文作者

Feng, Xinshun, Wan, Herun, Feng, Shangbin, Wang, Hongrui, Zhou, Jun, Zheng, Qinghua, Luo, Minnan

论文摘要

当前的图形神经网络(GNN)遇到了过度平滑的问题,这会导致无法区分的节点表示和使用更多GNN层的模型性能低。近年来已经提出了许多方法来解决这个问题。但是,现有的处理过度平滑的方法强调模型性能,并忽略了节点表示的过度平滑度。一次采用另外一种方法,虽然缺乏整体框架​​来共同利用多个解决方案来解决过度光滑的挑战。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了Grato,这是一个基于神经体系结构搜索的框架,以自动搜索GNNS体系结构。 Grato采用新颖的损失功能,以促进模型性能和表示平滑度之间的平衡。除了现有方法外,我们的搜索空间还包括DropAttribute,这是一种减轻过度平滑挑战的新计划,以充分利用各种解决方案。我们在六个现实世界数据集上进行了广泛的实验,以评估Grato,这表明Grato在过度光滑的指标中的表现优于基准,并且在准确性方面取得了竞争性的表现。 Grato在GNN层数量增加的情况下特别有效且健壮。进一步的实验确定了通过grato和模型架构的有效性学习的节点表示的质量。我们在GitHub(\ url {https://github.com/fxsxjtu/grato})上提供Grato的偏见。

Current Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) suffer from the over-smoothing problem, which results in indistinguishable node representations and low model performance with more GNN layers. Many methods have been put forward to tackle this problem in recent years. However, existing tackling over-smoothing methods emphasize model performance and neglect the over-smoothness of node representations. Additional, different approaches are applied one at a time, while there lacks an overall framework to jointly leverage multiple solutions to the over-smoothing challenge. To solve these problems, we propose GraTO, a framework based on neural architecture search to automatically search for GNNs architecture. GraTO adopts a novel loss function to facilitate striking a balance between model performance and representation smoothness. In addition to existing methods, our search space also includes DropAttribute, a novel scheme for alleviating the over-smoothing challenge, to fully leverage diverse solutions. We conduct extensive experiments on six real-world datasets to evaluate GraTo, which demonstrates that GraTo outperforms baselines in the over-smoothing metrics and achieves competitive performance in accuracy. GraTO is especially effective and robust with increasing numbers of GNN layers. Further experiments bear out the quality of node representations learned with GraTO and the effectiveness of model architecture. We make cide of GraTo available at Github (\url{https://github.com/fxsxjtu/GraTO}).

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