论文标题
Tiny-HR：迈向一条可解释的机器学习管道，以估算边缘设备的心率估算
Tiny-HR: Towards an interpretable machine learning pipeline for heart rate estimation on edge devices
论文作者
论文摘要
本文的重点是概念证明，机器学习（ML）管道，该管道从低功率边缘设备上获取的压力传感器数据中提取心率。 ML管道包括一个UPS采样器神经网络，信号质量分类器以及优化的1D横向扭转神经网络，以高效且准确的心率估计。设计了模型，因此管道小于40 kb。此外，开发了由UPS采样器和分类器组成的杂种管道，然后开发了峰值检测算法。管道部署在ESP32边缘设备上，并针对信号处理进行基准测试，以确定能量使用和推理时间。结果表明，与传统算法相比，所提出的ML和杂种管道将能量和时间减少82％和28％。 ML管道的主要权衡是准确性，平均绝对误差（MAE）为3.28，而混合动力车和信号处理管道为2.39和1.17。因此，ML模型显示出在能源和计算约束设备中部署的希望。此外，ML管道的较低采样率和计算要求可以使自定义硬件解决方案减少可穿戴设备的成本和能源需求。
The focus of this paper is a proof of concept, machine learning (ML) pipeline that extracts heart rate from pressure sensor data acquired on low-power edge devices. The ML pipeline consists an upsampler neural network, a signal quality classifier, and a 1D-convolutional neural network optimized for efficient and accurate heart rate estimation. The models were designed so the pipeline was less than 40 kB. Further, a hybrid pipeline consisting of the upsampler and classifier, followed by a peak detection algorithm was developed. The pipelines were deployed on ESP32 edge device and benchmarked against signal processing to determine the energy usage, and inference times. The results indicate that the proposed ML and hybrid pipeline reduces energy and time per inference by 82% and 28% compared to traditional algorithms. The main trade-off for ML pipeline was accuracy, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.28, compared to 2.39 and 1.17 for the hybrid and signal processing pipelines. The ML models thus show promise for deployment in energy and computationally constrained devices. Further, the lower sampling rate and computational requirements for the ML pipeline could enable custom hardware solutions to reduce the cost and energy needs of wearable devices.
