论文标题
远离S波能量极限的冷反应的量子抑制
Quantum suppression of cold reactions far from the s-wave energy limit
论文作者
论文摘要
化学反应中的量子作用在超低温度下最为明显，其中只有少数部分波。尽管从理论上讲，许多部分波之间的干扰将在较高的温度下持续存在，但缺乏反应性过程中这种量子效应的直接证据。在这里，我们报告了对量子干扰的第一个观察，抑制了多方波状态中的化学反应：单个$^{87} $ rb atom及其父离子$^{87} $ rb $^+$之间的共振电荷交换。在单个原子离子对上使用量子 - 逻辑检测以及对Langevin碰撞概率的校准原位测量，我们基准了针对经典和量子预测的热平均反应速率。我们发现，尽管在Millikelvin温度状态（高于$ S $ - 波阈值的三个数量级以上）中，但反应速率与经典期望相对于经典期望的数量级抑制了。这些结果将量子干扰作为超出超速极限的化学反应性的关键机制建立，并为在\ textit {ab intio}方法保持棘手的原子反应中提供了一个平台，以探测一致的量子效应。
Quantum effects in chemical reactions are most pronounced at ultracold temperatures, where only a few partial waves contribute. While interference among many partial waves is theoretically expected to persist at higher temperatures, direct evidence for such quantum effects in reactive processes has been lacking. Here, we report the first observation of quantum interference suppressing a chemical reaction in the multi-partial-wave regime: resonant charge exchange between a single $^{87}$Rb atom and its parent ion $^{87}$Rb$^+$. Using quantum-logic detection on a single atom-ion pair and a calibrated in-situ measurement of Langevin collision probabilities, we benchmark the thermally averaged reaction rate against both classical and quantum predictions. We find that the reaction rate is suppressed by over an order of magnitude relative to the classical expectation, despite occurring in the millikelvin temperature regime (more than three orders of magnitude above the $s$-wave threshold), where more than a dozen partial waves contribute. These results establish quantum interference as a key mechanism in chemical reactivity beyond the ultracold limit and offer a platform for probing coherent quantum effects in atom-ion reactions where \textit{ab initio} methods remain intractable.
