论文标题
量子贝叶斯的规则确认量子力学中测量推断的一致性
Quantum Bayes' Rule Affirms Consistency in Measurement Inferences in Quantum Mechanics
论文作者
论文摘要
经典贝叶斯的规则为原因（输入）和效果（输出）之间的经典因果关系奠定了基础。对于所有物理过程，这种因果关系被认为是普遍正确的。相反，我们在这里表明，在量子力学中的因果关系之间建立正确的对应关系是不足的。实际上，在量子力学的框架内有一些实例，其中使用经典贝叶斯规则会导致量子测量推断（例如Frauchiger-Renner的悖论）的不一致。即使将量子力学作为非本地理论，也出现在Hardy的设置的背景下也出现类似的不一致。作为一种补救措施，我们基于量子贝叶斯的规则引入了输入输出因果关系。即使原因（或效应）与其他原因（或效果）是连贯的叠加，涉及量子力学允许的非局部相关性，并且在量子测量过程中发生在某些系统中的某些系统中，涉及的非局部相关性。这使我们能够提出解决Frauchiger-Renner和Hardy设置中出现的矛盾的决议。因此，我们的结果肯定，配备量子贝叶斯规则的量子力学确实可以始终如一地解释其自身的使用。
Classical Bayes' rule lays the foundation for the classical causal relation between cause (input) and effect (output). This causal relation is believed to be universally true for all physical processes. Here we show, on the contrary, that it is inadequate to establish correct correspondence between cause and effect in quantum mechanics. In fact, there are instances within the framework of quantum mechanics where the use of classical Bayes' rule leads to inconsistencies in quantum measurement inferences, such as Frauchiger-Renner's paradox. Similar inconsistency also appears in the context of Hardy's setup even after assuming quantum mechanics as a non-local theory. As a remedy, we introduce an input-output causal relation based on quantum Bayes' rule. It applies to general quantum processes even when a cause (or effect) is in coherent superposition with other causes (or effects), involves nonlocal correlations as allowed by quantum mechanics, and in the cases where causes belonging to one system induce effects in some other system as it happens in quantum measurement processes. This enables us to propose a resolution to the contradictions that appear in the context of Frauchiger-Renner's and Hardy's setups. Our results thereby affirm that quantum mechanics, equipped with quantum Bayes' rule, can indeed consistently explain the use of itself.
