论文标题
专业犯罪事业
Specialization in Criminal Careers
论文作者
论文摘要
在欧洲国家，我们使用五年来有关犯罪行为的全面纵向数据集来研究犯罪事业的专业化。我们通过犯罪事业中的相对同时发生将犯罪类别集中在犯罪事业中，从而得出了基于数据的自然刑事专业分类法。将专家定义为活跃的犯罪分子，他们居住在一个犯罪行为的类别中，我们研究了他们的社会人口统计学属性，地理范围和在其协作网络中的职位，相对于他们的通才对应者。与通才相比，专家倾向于年龄较大，更可能是女性，在较小的地理范围内运作，并在较小，更紧密的本地网络中进行协作。我们观察到，专家更强烈地嵌入了犯罪网络中，并发现专业化确实反映了劳动力和组织的分歧。
We use a comprehensive longitudinal dataset on criminal acts over five years in a European country to study specialization in criminal careers. We cluster crime categories by their relative co-occurrence within criminal careers, deriving a natural, data-based taxonomy of criminal specialization. Defining specialists as active criminals who stay within one category of offending behavior, we study their socio-demographic attributes, geographic range, and positions in their collaboration networks, relative to their generalist counterparts. In comparison to generalists, specialists tend to be older, more likely to be female, operate within a smaller geographic range, and collaborate in smaller, more tightly-knit local networks. We observe that specialists are more intensely embedded in criminal networks and find evidence that specialization indeed reflects division of labor and organization.
