论文标题
迈向接收器 - 不合时宜的和协作的射频指纹识别
Towards Receiver-Agnostic and Collaborative Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification
论文作者
论文摘要
射频指纹标识(RFFI)是一种新兴的设备身份验证技术,它利用RF前端的硬件特性作为设备标识符。 RFFI在无线接收器中实现,并采取行动以提取发射器障碍,然后执行分类。接收器硬件障碍实际上会干扰功能提取过程,但是尚未全面研究其效果和缓解措施。在本文中,我们提出了一个对接收器特征变化不敏感的接收器不合时宜的RFFI系统。它是通过使用对抗性培训来学习与接收方无关的功能来实现的。此外,当有多个接收器时,此功能可以执行协作推断以提高分类精度。最后,我们展示了如何利用微调来通过更少的收集信号来进一步改进。为了验证该方法,我们通过将方法应用于涉及10个LORA设备和20个软件定义无线电(SDR)接收器的洛杉矶案例研究中进行了广泛的实验评估。结果表明,接收器 - 反应训练使训练有素的神经网络能够对接收器特征的变化变得强大。该协作推断将分类准确性提高了20%以外的RFFI系统和微调可以为表现不佳的接收器带来40%的提高。
Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) is an emerging device authentication technique, which exploits the hardware characteristics of the RF front-end as device identifiers. RFFI is implemented in the wireless receiver and acts to extract the transmitter impairments and then perform classification. The receiver hardware impairments will actually interfere with the feature extraction process, but its effect and mitigation have not been comprehensively studied. In this paper, we propose a receiver-agnostic RFFI system that is not sensitive to the changes in receiver characteristics; it is implemented by employing adversarial training to learn the receiver-independent features. Moreover, when there are multiple receivers, this functionality can perform collaborative inference to enhance classification accuracy. Finally, we show how it is possible to leverage fine-tuning for further improvement with fewer collected signals. To validate the approach, we have conducted extensive experimental evaluation by applying the approach to a LoRaWAN case study involving ten LoRa devices and 20 software-defined radio (SDR) receivers. The results show that receiver-agnostic training enables the trained neural network to become robust to changes in receiver characteristics. The collaborative inference improves classification accuracy by up to 20% beyond a single-receiver RFFI system and fine-tuning can bring a 40% improvement for under-performing receivers.