论文标题
exosphere介导的挥发性物种在太阳系上的无空体上的迁移
Exosphere-Mediated Migration of Volatile Species On Airless Bodies Across the Solar System
论文作者
论文摘要
表面结合的外流促进了几乎无空体的表面上的挥发性迁移。但是,这种运输要求人体既可以形成并保留外层。要形成升华的外层,需要身体的表面足够温暖,以使表面挥发物升华。为了保留外际,弹道逃逸和光电毁灭率和其他损失机制必须足够低。在这里,我们构建了一种由挥发性解吸/升华形成的外流的简单自由分子模型。我们考虑了整个太阳系中常见挥发物物种形成和保留外流的条件,并探讨三个过程如何(解吸/升华,弹道损失和光电铸造)形成无空体的外层动力学。我们的模型发现,Callisto的二氧化碳外流太致密,无法通过撞击传递的挥发物来维持,但只能通过暴露的二氧化碳冰的约7公顷。我们预测Callisto CO2 Exosphere的峰值表面位置以及其他Galilean Moons,可以通过果汁观测来测试。我们的模型发现,要保持IAPETUS的两色调外观,其深色Cassini Regio可能会无法分辨出水冰的暴露,也许是在次分辨率撞击火山口,高达其表面的约0.06%。在Uranian系统中,我们发现Ariel,Umbriel,Titania和Oberon上的CO2沉积物不太可能通过撞击传递,但与磁层起源或源自内源性的含量是一致的。我们建议外际介导的挥发性转运可以产生这些卫星的领先/尾随二氧化碳不对称性,并且可能是季节性的春分特征,在乌拉尼亚溶解膜期间,挥发性迁移可能会在很大程度上消除。我们计算出〜2.4-6.4毫米厚的二氧化碳层可以在季节性周期内天王星大号的表面迁移。
Surface-bound exospheres facilitate volatile migration across the surfaces of nearly airless bodies. However, such transport requires that the body can both form and retain an exosphere. To form a sublimation exosphere requires the surface of a body to be sufficiently warm for surface volatiles to sublime; to retain an exosphere, the ballistic escape and photodestruction rates and other loss mechanisms must be sufficiently low. Here we construct a simple free molecular model of exospheres formed by volatile desorption/sublimation. We consider the conditions for forming and retaining exospheres for common volatile species across the Solar System, and explore how three processes (desorption/sublimation, ballistic loss, and photodestruction) shape exospheric dynamics on airless bodies. Our model finds that the CO2 exosphere of Callisto is too dense to be sustained by impact-delivered volatiles, but could be maintained by only ~7 hectares of exposed CO2 ice. We predict the peak surface locations of Callisto's CO2 exosphere along with other Galilean moons, which could be tested by JUICE observations. Our model finds that to maintain Iapetus' two-tone appearance, its dark Cassini Regio likely has unresolved exposures of water ice, perhaps in sub-resolution impact craters, that amount to up to ~0.06% of its surface. In the Uranian system, we find that the CO2 deposits on Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon are unlikely to have been delivered via impacts, but are consistent with both a magnetospheric origin or sourced endogenously. We suggest that exosphere-mediated volatile transport could produce these moons' leading/trailing CO2 asymmetries, and may be a seasonal equinox feature that could be largely erased by volatile migration during the Uranian solstices. We calculate that ~2.4-6.4 mm thick layer of CO2 could migrate about the surface of Uranus' large moons during a seasonal cycle.