论文标题
战略候选人选择问题的公平性
Fairness in Selection Problems with Strategic Candidates
论文作者
论文摘要
为了更好地理解歧视性和肯定行动在选择问题(例如大学录取或招聘)中的影响,最近的一项研究线提出了一个基于差异方差的模型。该模型假设决策者对每个候选人的质量都有嘈杂的估计,并提出了不同人口组之间的噪声差异的差异,这是解释歧视的关键因素。但是,有关差异方差的文献并未考虑可以对选择程序做出反应以改善结果的候选人的战略行为,这在许多领域都发生。 在本文中,我们研究了战略方面如何影响选择问题的公平性。我们建议将战略候选人作为竞赛游戏建模选择问题:一群理性候选人通过选择提高质量的努力来竞争。他们产生了一份及时的成本,但获得了(随机的)质量,其期望等于所选择的努力。贝叶斯决策者观察到每个候选人(具有差异差异)质量的嘈杂估计,并根据其后验预期质量选择最佳候选者的分数$α$;每个选定的候选人都会收到一个奖励$ S $。当决策者不受限制时,以及当他们受到约束以尊重人口统计学奇偶校验的公平概念时,我们都以不同的参数制度表征了该游戏的(唯一)平衡。我们的结果揭示了战略行为对在平衡处观察到的歧视的重要影响,并使我们能够理解在这种情况下施加人口统计学的效果。特别是,我们发现,在许多情况下,结果与非战略环境形成鲜明对比。
To better understand discriminations and the effect of affirmative actions in selection problems (e.g., college admission or hiring), a recent line of research proposed a model based on differential variance. This model assumes that the decision-maker has a noisy estimate of each candidate's quality and puts forward the difference in the noise variances between different demographic groups as a key factor to explain discrimination. The literature on differential variance, however, does not consider the strategic behavior of candidates who can react to the selection procedure to improve their outcome, which is well-known to happen in many domains. In this paper, we study how the strategic aspect affects fairness in selection problems. We propose to model selection problems with strategic candidates as a contest game: A population of rational candidates compete by choosing an effort level to increase their quality. They incur a cost-of-effort but get a (random) quality whose expectation equals the chosen effort. A Bayesian decision-maker observes a noisy estimate of the quality of each candidate (with differential variance) and selects the fraction $α$ of best candidates based on their posterior expected quality; each selected candidate receives a reward $S$. We characterize the (unique) equilibrium of this game in the different parameters' regimes, both when the decision-maker is unconstrained and when they are constrained to respect the fairness notion of demographic parity. Our results reveal important impacts of the strategic behavior on the discrimination observed at equilibrium and allow us to understand the effect of imposing demographic parity in this context. In particular, we find that, in many cases, the results contrast with the non-strategic setting.