论文标题
使用IA型超新星设计最佳的LSST深钻探计划
Designing an Optimal LSST Deep Drilling Program for Cosmology with Type Ia Supernovae
论文作者
论文摘要
Vera C. Rubin天文台对空间和时间的遗产调查预计将收集大量的IA型超新星(SNE IA)样本,这些样本可能对揭示黑暗能量的性质有用。然而,该壮举需要以高度的精度来测量哈勃图的两个组成部分 - 距离模量和红移。距离是从从光曲线拟合中提取的SNE IA参数估计的,其中光曲线的平均质量主要由调查参数(例如节奏和每个频段的访问次数)驱动。因此,最佳观察策略对于高精度测量宇宙参数至关重要。我们在本文中介绍了旨在量化深钻(DD)策略参数对调查三个关键方面的影响的三阶段分析:红移完整性(起源于Malmquist宇宙学偏见),良好的SNE IA的数量以及宇宙学测量值。分析当前的LSST调查模拟,我们证明了当前的DD调查计划的特征是完整性低($ Z〜 \ sim $ 0.55-0.65),以及不规则和低的节奏(几天),大大降低了良好的SNE IA样品的大小。然后,我们提出了一个作案手法,该操作提供达到更高的红移所需的访问数量(每带)。这种方法的结果用于设计一套针对SNE IA宇宙学的优化DD调查。我们表明,最准确的宇宙学测量是通过深度滚动调查来实现的,其特征是高节奏(一天),滚动策略(每个田野至少观察到至少两个季节)和两组一组领域:Ultra-Deep($ z \ gtrsim 0.8 $)和($ z \ z \ z \ gtrsim 0.6 $)领域。我们还证明,包括间隙恢复机制在内的确定性调度程序对于实现SNE IA宇宙学所需的高质量DD调查至关重要。
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time is forecast to collect a large sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that could be instrumental in unveiling the nature of Dark Energy. The feat, however, requires measuring the two components of the Hubble diagram - distance modulus and redshift - with a high degree of accuracy. Distance is estimated from SNe Ia parameters extracted from light curve fits, where the average quality of light curves is primarily driven by survey parameters such as the cadence and the number of visits per band. An optimal observing strategy is thus critical for measuring cosmological parameters with high accuracy. We present in this paper a three-stage analysis aiming at quantifying the impact of the Deep Drilling (DD) strategy parameters on three critical aspects of the survey: the redshift completeness (originating from the Malmquist cosmological bias), the number of well-measured SNe Ia, and the cosmological measurements. Analyzing the current LSST survey simulations, we demonstrate that the current DD survey plans are characterized by a low completeness ($z~\sim$ 0.55-0.65), and irregular and low cadences (few days) that dramatically decrease the size of the well-measured SNe Ia sample. We then propose a modus operandi that provides the number of visits (per band) required to reach higher redshifts. The results of this approach are used to design a set of optimized DD surveys for SNe Ia cosmology. We show that most accurate cosmological measurements are achieved with Deep Rolling surveys characterized by a high cadence (one day), a rolling strategy (each field observed at least two seasons), and two sets of fields: ultra-deep ($z \gtrsim 0.8$) and deep ($z \gtrsim 0.6$) fields. We also demonstrate that a deterministic scheduler including a gap recovery mechanism is critical to achieve a high quality DD survey required for SNe Ia cosmology.