论文标题
重力和动态真空能的有效理论
The Effective Theory of Gravity and Dynamical Vacuum Energy
论文作者
论文摘要
重力和一般相对性被认为是低能量和宏观距离处的有效田间理论。光或无质量量子场的共形异常的有效作用对宏观尺度产生了重大影响，这是由于相关的光锥奇异性因局部曲率不变性的扩展而无法捕获的。给出了一个紧凑的局部形式，用于给出保形异常和应力张量的有效作用，需要引入新的轻标量场场，认为该场应包括在低能量有效的重力动作中。标量形成式伴侣夫妻夫妇与时空度量的共形部分，并允许真空能的有效值，被描述为4型Abelian仪表场强度F = DA的冷凝物，以改变空间和时间。这是通过鉴定具有量规势A的Chern-simons 3形式的扭转依赖部分来实现的，该部分具有类似于电磁作用的J.A相互作用，进入了保形异常的有效作用。保守的3电流j描述了2个曲面的世界导管，它们将不同的真空能的区域分开。因此，所产生的EFT取代了经典重力的固定常数lambda，其对紫外物理的敏感性显然是不自在地的敏感性，其动态冷凝物的基态在空平面中的基态值lambda = 0相同。通过允许Lambda在黑洞地平线的2个表面附近迅速变化，提议的动态真空能量为引力凝聚恒星提供了有效的Lagrangian，作为与量子理论一致的完全重力塌陷的最终状态。讨论了动态真空深色能量对宇宙学的可能后果，宇宙巧合问题以及保形不变性在SM中其他微调问题中的作用。
Gravity and general relativity are considered as an Effective Field Theory at low energies and macroscopic distances. The effective action of the conformal anomaly of light or massless quantum fields has significant effects on macroscopic scales, due to associated light cone singularities that are not captured by an expansion in local curvature invariants. A compact local form for the WZ effective action of the conformal anomaly and stress tensor is given, requiring the introduction of a new light scalar field, which it is argued should be included in the low energy effective action for gravity. The scalar conformalon couples to the conformal part of the spacetime metric and allows the effective value of the vacuum energy, described as a condensate of a 4-form abelian gauge field strength F=dA, to change in space and time. This is achieved by the identification of the torsion dependent part of the Chern-Simons 3-form of the Euler class with the gauge potential A, which enters the effective action of the conformal anomaly as a J.A interaction analogous to electromagnetism. The conserved 3-current J describes the worldtube of 2-surfaces that separate regions of differing vacuum energy. The resulting EFT thus replaces the fixed constant Lambda of classical gravity, and its apparently unnaturally large sensitivity to UV physics, with a dynamical condensate whose ground state value in empty flat space is Lambda = 0 identically. By allowing Lambda to vary rapidly near the 2-surface of a black hole horizon, the proposed EFT of dynamical vacuum energy provides an effective Lagrangian for gravitational condensate stars, as the final state of complete gravitational collapse consistent with quantum theory. The possible consequences of dynamical vacuum dark energy for cosmology, the cosmic coincidence problem, and the role of conformal invariance for other fine tuning issues in the SM are discussed.
