论文标题
SOK：区块链权力下放
SoK: Blockchain Decentralization
论文作者
论文摘要
区块链引入了对点对点网络的分散信任，推进安全和民主化系统。然而，对权力下放的统一定义仍然难以捉摸。我们的知识系统化（SOK）试图弥合这一差距，强调量化和方法学连贯性。我们制定了一种分类法，以定义五个方面的区块链权力下放：共识，网络，治理，财富和交易。尽管人们普遍着眼于共识分散化，但我们基于香农熵的新指数提供了全面的见解。此外，我们深入研究了Gini和Nakamoto系数等替代指标，以及Herfindahl-Hirschman Index（HHI），并在Github上补充了开源的Python工具。在方法论方面，区块链研究经常绕过严格的科学方法。通过采用描述性，预测和因果方法，我们的研究展示了区块链结构化研究的潜力。描述性地，我们观察到随着时间的推移，分散水平会聚的趋势。检查DEFI平台揭示了交换和贷款应用程序比其付款和衍生品更分散的应用程序。从以太支持的稳定蛋白中，以太回报与交易分权之间存在显着相关性。在因果关系上，以太坊向EIP-1559交易费用模型的过渡对Defi交易分散化具有深远的影响。总而言之，我们的工作概述了区块链研究的指示，强调了权力下放方面之间的微妙平衡，促进了长期权力下放，以及分散，安全，隐私和效率之间的联系。最终，我们聚焦在抓住区块链权力下放的复杂性方面面临挑战。
Blockchain introduces decentralized trust in peer-to-peer networks, advancing security and democratizing systems. Yet, a unified definition for decentralization remains elusive. Our Systematization of Knowledge (SoK) seeks to bridge this gap, emphasizing quantification and methodological coherence. We've formulated a taxonomy defining blockchain decentralization across five facets: consensus, network, governance, wealth, and transaction. Despite the prevalent focus on consensus decentralization, our novel index, based on Shannon entropy, provides comprehensive insights. Moreover, we delve into alternative metrics like the Gini and Nakamoto Coefficients and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), supplemented by an open-source Python tool on GitHub. In terms of methodology, blockchain research has often bypassed stringent scientific methods. By employing descriptive, predictive, and causal methods, our study showcases the potential of structured research in blockchain. Descriptively, we observe a trend of converging decentralization levels over time. Examining DeFi platforms reveals exchange and lending applications as more decentralized than their payment and derivatives counterparts. Predictively, there's a notable correlation between Ether's returns and transaction decentralization in Ether-backed stablecoins. Causally, Ethereum's transition to the EIP-1559 transaction fee model has a profound impact on DeFi transaction decentralization. To conclude, our work outlines directions for blockchain research, emphasizing the delicate balance among decentralization facets, fostering long-term decentralization, and the ties between decentralization, security, privacy, and efficiency. We end by spotlighting challenges in grasping blockchain decentralization intricacies.
