论文标题
巨大的金属贫民塑料中的超质量黑洞的起源
Origin of supermassive black holes in massive metal-poor protoclusters
论文作者
论文摘要
尽管在Z> 6处检测到大量超级黑洞，但它们的起源基本不清楚。数值模拟表明，经典直接崩溃情景的条件非常限制，很难避免碎片化。因此，我们在这里考虑了一个更普遍的情况，即在低金属性（<〜10^{ - 3} z_solar）处嵌入气体中的密集质量质体簇。我们估计了通过碰撞和气体积聚形成的中央大物体的质量，考虑到对数平坦的极端情况和Salpeter型初始质量函数。对于效率低下的辐射反馈，可以形成至少10^4太阳能的物体，而〜10^3太阳质量对象可以通过反馈限制积聚时间时形成太阳质量对象。这些质量会根据环境而变化，并且可能会大大更大，特别是由于气体连续进入云。结果，一个可能形成〜10^4太阳能或更多的中间质量黑洞。 James Webb太空望远镜（JWST）和其他观测值即将进行的观察可能有助于检测出如此庞大的黑洞及其环境，从而在这种地层通道上散发出更多的灯光。
While large numbers of supermassive black holes have been detected at z>6, their origin is still essentially unclear. Numerical simulations have shown that the conditions for the classical direct collapse scenario are very restrictive and fragmentation is very difficult to be avoided. We thus consider here a more general case of a dense massive protostar cluster at low metallicity (<~ 10^{-3} Z_solar) embedded in gas. We estimate the mass of the central massive object, formed via collisions and gas accretion, considering the extreme cases of a logarithmically flat and a Salpeter-type initial mass function. Objects with masses of at least 10^4 solar could be formed for inefficient radiative feedback, whereas ~10^3 solar mass objects could be formed when the accretion time is limited via feedback. These masses will vary depending on the environment and could be considerably larger, particularly due to the continuous infall of gas into the cloud. As a result, one may form intermediate mass black holes of ~ 10^4 solar masses or more. Upcoming observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and other observatories may help to detect such massive black holes and their environment, thereby shedding additional light on such a formation channel.
