论文标题

生物气候变化是CMIP6气候预测全球变暖的函数

Bioclimatic change as a function of global warming from CMIP6 climate projections

论文作者

Sparey, Morgan, Cox, Peter M., Williamson, Mark S.

论文摘要

预计气候变化会导致陆地生态系统的重大变化。但是,对于温室气体排放的给定情况,气候模型预测的显着差异继续阻碍详细的评估。在这里,我们使用传统的Koppen-Geiger生物气候分类系统表明,最新的CMIP6地球系统模型实际上对全球土地表面的比例非常吻合,这将在每度全球变暖中发生显着变化。历史和SSP585模型运行的数据用于在各个程度的全球变暖中创建生物气候地图,并在将气候数据分类为离散类别时研究集合平均值的性能。使用具有13个分类的简化方案,介绍了2K和4K在1901 - 1931年参考期之上的全球生物气候分类图。这些预测显示出生物气候分布的巨大变化,从较冷,更湿的生物气候到更热,干燥的变化几乎具有独特的变化。通过与同一时期观察到的气候得出的生物气候分类进行比较评估和检查历史模型运行绩效。通过结合各个模型的结果来估计土地的比例变化随着全球变暖的变化而变化。尽管生物气候分类方案具有离散的性质,但我们发现该部分对全球变暖的较弱的依赖性较弱,这意味着大约12 pct的土地经历了气候的显着变化,每1k的全球平均温度在1和3K之间的全球平均温度升高。因此,我们估计将气候稳定在1.5k而不是全球变暖的2K中,将从重大的生物气候变化中节省超过700万平方公里的土地。

Climate change is predicted to lead to major changes in terrestrial ecosystems. However, significant differences in climate model projections for given scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, continue to hinder detailed assessment. Here we show, using a traditional Koppen-Geiger bioclimate classification system, that the latest CMIP6 Earth System Models actually agree very well on the fraction of the global land-surface that will undergo a significant change per degree of global warming. Data from historical and ssp585 model runs are used to create bioclimate maps at various degrees of global warming, and to investigate the performance of the ensemble mean when classifying climate data into discrete categories. Using a streamlined scheme with 13 classifications, global bioclimate classification maps at 2K and 4K of global warming above a 1901-1931 reference period are presented. These projections show large shifts in bioclimate distribution, with an almost exclusive change from colder, wetter bioclimates to hotter, dryer ones. Historical model run performance is assessed and examined by comparison with the bioclimatic classifications derived from the observed climate over the same time period. The fraction of the land experiencing a change in its bioclimatic class as a function of global warming is estimated by combining the results from the individual models. Despite the discrete nature of the bioclimatic classification scheme, we find only a weakly-saturating dependence of this fraction on global warming which implies about 12 pct of land experiencing a significant change in climate, per 1K increase in global mean temperature between the global warming levels of 1 and 3K. Therefore, we estimate that stabilising the climate at 1.5K rather than 2K of global warming, would save over 7 million square kilometres of land from a major bioclimatic change.

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