论文标题
从圆环上的基态模块化转换中检测拓扑顺序
Detecting topological order from modular transformations of ground states on the torus
论文作者
论文摘要
基础状态编码了二维系统的拓扑阶段的信息,这使得它们对于确定相关的拓扑量子场理论(TQFT)至关重要。检测TQFT的大多数数值方法依赖于使用最小纠缠状态(MYS),通过重叠和/或纠缠光谱提取任何人相互统计和自我统计。混乱是威尔逊循环操作员的特征状态,并由与其特征值相对应的人标记。在这里,我们重新审视了威尔逊循环操作员和混乱的定义。我们纯粹来自威尔逊环路代数的基础状态的模块化转换,结果,模块化的$ s $ - 和$ t $ - matrices自然出现在混乱的重叠中。重要的是,我们表明,由于威尔逊循环操作员的自由度阶段程度,MES-ANYON任务并非唯一。这种歧义阻碍了我们试图检测拓扑顺序的尝试,也就是说,存在不同的TQFT,这些TQFT不能完全通过混乱的重叠来区分。在本文中,我们提供了可以从混乱的重叠中获得的信息的上限,而无需其他其他结构。最后,我们表明,如果相位富集旋转对称性,则可能会有其他TQFT信息可以从混乱的重叠中提取。
The ground states encode the information of the topological phases of a 2-dimensional system, which makes them crucial in determining the associated topological quantum field theory (TQFT). Most numerical methods for detecting the TQFT relied on the use of minimum entanglement states (MESs), extracting the anyon mutual statistics and self statistics via overlaps and/or the entanglement spectra. The MESs are the eigenstates of the Wilson loop operators, and are labeled by the anyons corresponding to their eigenvalues. Here we revisit the definition of the Wilson loop operators and MESs. We derive the modular transformation of the ground states purely from the Wilson loop algebra, and as a result, the modular $S$- and $T$-matrices naturally show up in the overlap of MESs. Importantly, we show that due to the phase degree of freedom of the Wilson loop operators, the MES-anyon assignment is not unique. This ambiguity obstructs our attempt to detect the topological order, that is, there exist different TQFTs that cannot be distinguished solely by the overlap of MESs. In this paper, we provide the upper limit of the information one may obtain from the overlap of MESs without other additional structure. Finally, we show that if the phase is enriched by rotational symmetry, there may be additional TQFT information that can be extracted from overlap of MESs.