论文标题

提高时间敏感性对时间知识图的回答

Improving Time Sensitivity for Question Answering over Temporal Knowledge Graphs

论文作者

Shang, Chao, Wang, Guangtao, Qi, Peng, Huang, Jing

论文摘要

关于时间知识图(kgs)的问题有效地使用了时间kg中包含的事实,该事实记录了实体关系以及它们何时发生,以回答自然语言问题(例如,“谁是奥巴马之前的美国总统?”)。这些问题通常涉及以前工作未能充分解决的三个时间有关的挑战:1)问题通常没有指定精确的感兴趣的时间戳(例如,“奥巴马”而不是2000年); 2)时间关系的细微词汇差异(例如,“在“之后”之后); 3)以前工作基于的现成的时间kg嵌入在忽略时间戳的时间顺序上,这对于回答时间订单相关的问题至关重要。在本文中,我们提出了一个时间敏感的问题回答(TSQA)框架来解决这些问题。 TSQA具有时间戳估计模块,以从问题中推断出未编写的时间戳。我们还采用时间敏感的kg编码器将订购信息注入TSQA基于的时间kg嵌入。在减少潜在答案的搜索空间的技术的帮助下,TSQA在新的基准测试基准上大大优于先前的艺术状态,以回答有关时间KGS的问题,尤其是在需要多个临时KG中事实的多个问题的复杂问题上降低了32%(绝对)错误的问题。

Question answering over temporal knowledge graphs (KGs) efficiently uses facts contained in a temporal KG, which records entity relations and when they occur in time, to answer natural language questions (e.g., "Who was the president of the US before Obama?"). These questions often involve three time-related challenges that previous work fail to adequately address: 1) questions often do not specify exact timestamps of interest (e.g., "Obama" instead of 2000); 2) subtle lexical differences in time relations (e.g., "before" vs "after"); 3) off-the-shelf temporal KG embeddings that previous work builds on ignore the temporal order of timestamps, which is crucial for answering temporal-order related questions. In this paper, we propose a time-sensitive question answering (TSQA) framework to tackle these problems. TSQA features a timestamp estimation module to infer the unwritten timestamp from the question. We also employ a time-sensitive KG encoder to inject ordering information into the temporal KG embeddings that TSQA is based on. With the help of techniques to reduce the search space for potential answers, TSQA significantly outperforms the previous state of the art on a new benchmark for question answering over temporal KGs, especially achieving a 32% (absolute) error reduction on complex questions that require multiple steps of reasoning over facts in the temporal KG.

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