论文标题
通过共同的自主权传达机器人约定
Communicating Robot Conventions through Shared Autonomy
论文作者
论文摘要
当人类控制机器人武器时,这些机器人通常需要推断人的期望任务。先前关于辅助远程运行和共享自主权的研究探讨了机器人如何根据人的操纵杆输入来确定所需的任务。为了执行此推断,机器人依赖于操纵杆输入和离散任务之间的内部映射:在人类了解机器人如何解释其输入之后,这种方法效果很好 - 但是没有经验的用户仍然必须通过反复试验来学习这些映射!在这里,我们认识到机器人在任务和输入之间的映射是一个惯例。机器人可以使用多个同样有效的惯例:而不是被动地等待人类,而是引入了一种共同的自治方法,机器人会积极揭示其所选的惯例。在重复的互动中,机器人介入并夸大了手臂的运动,以表现出更有效的输入,同时还可以协助完成当前的任务。我们将这种方法与最先进的基线(用户必须自行识别公约)以及书面说明进行比较。我们的用户研究结果表明,修改机器人的行为以揭示其惯例的表现超过了基准,并减少了人类在控制机器人方面花费的时间。在此处查看我们的用户研究的视频:https://youtu.be/jrotvop469i
When humans control robot arms these robots often need to infer the human's desired task. Prior research on assistive teleoperation and shared autonomy explores how robots can determine the desired task based on the human's joystick inputs. In order to perform this inference the robot relies on an internal mapping between joystick inputs and discrete tasks: e.g., pressing the joystick left indicates that the human wants a plate, while pressing the joystick right indicates a cup. This approach works well after the human understands how the robot interprets their inputs -- but inexperienced users still have to learn these mappings through trial and error! Here we recognize that the robot's mapping between tasks and inputs is a convention. There are multiple, equally efficient conventions that the robot could use: rather than passively waiting for the human, we introduce a shared autonomy approach where the robot actively reveals its chosen convention. Across repeated interactions the robot intervenes and exaggerates the arm's motion to demonstrate more efficient inputs while also assisting for the current task. We compare this approach to a state-of-the-art baseline -- where users must identify the convention by themselves -- as well as written instructions. Our user study results indicate that modifying the robot's behavior to reveal its convention outperforms the baselines and reduces the amount of time that humans spend controlling the robot. See videos of our user study here: https://youtu.be/jROTVOp469I