论文标题
Facebook阴影概况
Facebook Shadow Profiles
论文作者
论文摘要
我们通过在网络上跟踪个人来量化Facebook构建阴影概况的能力，而不论他们是社交网络的用户。对于代表性的互联网用户样本，我们发现Facebook能够跟踪Facebook用户和非用户的浏览时间的约40％，包括对隐私敏感的域以及跨用户人口统计信息。我们表明，收集到的浏览数据可以产生对个人信息的准确预测，这些信息对广告商（例如年龄或性别）很有价值。因为Facebook用户向平台揭示了他们的人口统计信息，并且由于用户和非用户的浏览行为允许Facebook推断他们的个人信息，从而对非用户进行了数据外部性。
We quantify Facebook's ability to build shadow profiles by tracking individuals across the web, irrespective of whether they are users of the social network. For a representative sample of US Internet users, we find that Facebook is able to track about 40 percent of the browsing time of both users and non-users of Facebook, including on privacy-sensitive domains and across user demographics. We show that the collected browsing data can produce accurate predictions of personal information that is valuable for advertisers, such as age or gender. Because Facebook users reveal their demographic information to the platform, and because the browsing behavior of users and non-users of Facebook overlaps, users impose a data externality on non-users by allowing Facebook to infer their personal information.
