论文标题
Bose-Einstein凝结，Lambda转变和相互作用的超流量
Bose-Einstein Condensation, the Lambda Transition, and Superfluidity for Interacting Bosons
论文作者
论文摘要
Bose-Einstein凝结和$λ$转换以分子细节描述了与一对电位相互作用的玻色子。在通常的理想气体处理中，发现了新现象。 Lennard-Jones Helium-4的蒙特卡洛模拟忽略地面动量状态玻色子的热容量接近过渡。纯置换回路会在地面动量状态的占用率中持续增长。混合地面和激发动量状态置换回路使向凝结相的不连续过渡。 $λ$ - 转换的潜在热量为总能量的3％。超流量流的预测临界速度在孔直径三个数量级的测量值的三个因子内。
Bose-Einstein condensation and the $λ$-transition are described in molecular detail for bosons interacting with a pair potential. New phenomena are identified that are absent in the usual ideal gas treatment. Monte Carlo simulations of Lennard-Jones helium-4 neglecting ground momentum state bosons give a diverging heat capacity approaching the transition. Pure permutation loops give continuous growth in the occupancy of the ground momentum state. Mixed ground and excited momentum state permutation loops give a discontinuous transition to the condensed phase. The consequent latent heat for the $λ$-transition is 3\% of the total energy. The predicted critical velocity for superfluid flow is within a factor of three of the measured values over three orders of magnitude in pore diameter.
