论文标题

无监督的标签感知事件触发器和参数分类

Unsupervised Label-aware Event Trigger and Argument Classification

论文作者

Zhang, Hongming, Wang, Haoyu, Roth, Dan

论文摘要

长期以来,识别事件并将其映射到预定义的事件类型一直是一个重要的自然语言处理问题。以前的大多数工作都在很大程度上依赖于劳动密集型和特定领域的注释,同时忽略了事件类型标签中包含的语义含义。结果,学习的模型无法有效地推广到可以引入新事件类型的新域。在本文中,我们提出了一个无监督的事件提取管道,该管道首先使用可用工具(例如SRL)标识事件,然后自动将其映射到使用我们建议的无监督分类模型的预定事件类型。我们的模型不是依靠注释的数据,而是将确定事件的语义与事件类型标签的语义匹配。具体而言,我们利用预训练的语言模型来代表事件触发器和参数的预定类型。在通过表示相似性将事件标识为目标类型后,我们使用事件本体论(例如,参数类型“受害者”只能显示为事件类型“攻击”的参数)作为全局约束来正规化预测。在ACE-2005数据集上进行测试时,所提出的方法非常有效,该数据集具有33种触发器和22种参数类型。在不使用任何注释的情况下,我们成功地将83%的触发器和54%的参数映射到了正确的类型,几乎使以前的零摄像方法的性能翻了一番。

Identifying events and mapping them to pre-defined event types has long been an important natural language processing problem. Most previous work has been heavily relying on labor-intensive and domain-specific annotations while ignoring the semantic meaning contained in the labels of the event types. As a result, the learned models cannot effectively generalize to new domains, where new event types could be introduced. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised event extraction pipeline, which first identifies events with available tools (e.g., SRL) and then automatically maps them to pre-defined event types with our proposed unsupervised classification model. Rather than relying on annotated data, our model matches the semantics of identified events with those of event type labels. Specifically, we leverage pre-trained language models to contextually represent pre-defined types for both event triggers and arguments. After we map identified events to the target types via representation similarity, we use the event ontology (e.g., argument type "Victim" can only appear as the argument of event type "Attack") as global constraints to regularize the prediction. The proposed approach is shown to be very effective when tested on the ACE-2005 dataset, which has 33 trigger and 22 argument types. Without using any annotation, we successfully map 83% of the triggers and 54% of the arguments to the correct types, almost doubling the performance of previous zero-shot approaches.

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