论文标题
Lienard Wiechert电位，麦克斯韦方程和洛伦兹的直接推导来自库仑定律
Direct derivation of Lienard Wiechert potentials, Maxwell's equations and Lorentz force from Coulomb's law
论文作者
论文摘要
在19世纪，麦克斯韦（Maxwell）从三个实验物理定律的知识中得出了麦克斯韦方程：库仑定律，安培的力量法和法拉第的归纳法。但是，安培力量法和法拉第定律的理论基础尚不清楚。此外，洛伦兹力被认为是实验现象，这种力的理论基础仍然未知。 为了回答这些基本的理论问题，我们从两个简单的假设中得出了Lienard Wiechert电位，麦克斯韦方程和洛伦兹的力量：（a）当所有费用处于静止状态时，库仑的力量在指控之间的作用，（b）在动作中造成的动作造成的，从源头却远离有限速度的动作。特殊相对论在我们的派生或洛伦兹的转化中没有使用。实际上，它显示了包括洛伦兹力在内的所有电动力定律，都可以源自库仑的定律和时间迟缓。 这是通过分析假设实验的分析，其中测试电荷处于静止状态以及以前移动的源电荷在过去的某个时候停止。然后，在本文中也推导了广义的Helmholtz分解定理，用于重新调整库仑的力，目前起作用，作为源费用移动的前一次源费用位置的函数。从库仑定律的重新制定中，Lienard Wiechert潜力和麦克斯韦方程得出了。 在本文的第二部分中，有效移动电荷的能源保护原则源自对静止电荷有效的静电能量保护原则的知识。这再次是通过使用广义的Helmholtz分解定理来实现的。从这种动态能量保护原则中，洛伦兹的力得出了。
In 19th century Maxwell derived Maxwell equations from the knowledge of three experimental physical laws: the Coulomb's law, the Ampere's force law and Faraday's law of induction. However, theoretical basis for Ampere's force law and Faraday's law remains unknown to this day. Furthermore, the Lorentz force is considered as experimental phenomena, the theoretical foundation of this force is still unknown. To answer these fundamental theoretical questions, we derive Lienard Wiechert potentials, Maxwell's equations and Lorentz force from two simple postulates: (a) when all charges are at rest the Coulomb's force acts between the charges, and (b) that disturbances caused by charge in motion propagate away from the source with finite velocity. The special relativity was not used in our derivations nor the Lorentz transformation. In effect, it was shown all the electrodynamic laws, including the Lorentz force, can be derived from Coulomb's law and time retardation. This was accomplished by analysis of hypothetical experiment where test charge is at rest and where previously moving source charge stops at some time in the past. Then the generalized Helmholtz decomposition theorem, also derived in this paper, was applied to reformulate Coulomb's force acting at present time as the function of positions of source charge at previous time when the source charge was moving. From this reformulation of Coulomb's law the Lienard Wiechert potentials and Maxwell's equations were derived. In the second part of this paper, the energy conservation principle valid for moving charges is derived from the knowledge of electrostatic energy conservation principle valid for stationary charges. This again was accomplished by using generalized Helmholtz decomposition theorem. From this dynamic energy conservation principle the Lorentz force is derived.
