论文标题
当机器学习遇到量子计算机时:案例研究
When Machine Learning Meets Quantum Computers: A Case Study
论文作者
论文摘要
随着AI民主化的发展,机器学习方法,尤其是神经网络,已应用于大型应用程序。在不同的应用程序场景中,神经网络将在量身定制的计算平台上加速。经典计算平台上的神经网络的加速度,例如CPU,GPU,FPGA,ASIC,已被广泛研究。但是,当应用程序的尺度始终如一地成长时,内存瓶颈变得明显,被广泛称为内存壁。为了应对这样的挑战,高级量子计算可以代表具有n量子位(Qubits)的2^n状态,被视为有前途的解决方案。即将知道如何设计量子电路来加速神经网络。最近,有一些初步的工作研究如何将神经网络映射到实际的量子处理器。为了更好地了解最新的设计并激发新的设计方法,本文进行了案例研究,以证明端到端的实施。在神经网络方面,我们采用多层感知器使用标准和广泛使用的MNIST数据集来完成图像分类任务。在量子计算方面,我们针对IBM量子处理器,可以使用IBM Qiskit对其进行编程和模拟。这项工作针对量子处理器上训练有素的神经网络的推理阶段的加速。除案例研究外,我们将展示将神经网络映射到量子电路的典型过程。
Along with the development of AI democratization, the machine learning approach, in particular neural networks, has been applied to wide-range applications. In different application scenarios, the neural network will be accelerated on the tailored computing platform. The acceleration of neural networks on classical computing platforms, such as CPU, GPU, FPGA, ASIC, has been widely studied; however, when the scale of the application consistently grows up, the memory bottleneck becomes obvious, widely known as memory-wall. In response to such a challenge, advanced quantum computing, which can represent 2^N states with N quantum bits (qubits), is regarded as a promising solution. It is imminent to know how to design the quantum circuit for accelerating neural networks. Most recently, there are initial works studying how to map neural networks to actual quantum processors. To better understand the state-of-the-art design and inspire new design methodology, this paper carries out a case study to demonstrate an end-to-end implementation. On the neural network side, we employ the multilayer perceptron to complete image classification tasks using the standard and widely used MNIST dataset. On the quantum computing side, we target IBM Quantum processors, which can be programmed and simulated by using IBM Qiskit. This work targets the acceleration of the inference phase of a trained neural network on the quantum processor. Along with the case study, we will demonstrate the typical procedure for mapping neural networks to quantum circuits.