论文标题
产品级别的产品差异化和出口网络的地理扩展
Product Differentiation and Geographical Expansion of Exports Network at Industry level
论文作者
论文摘要
行业可以先进入一个国家，然后进入其邻国市场。该行业中的公司可以通过行业其他公司的出口行为来扩展贸易网络。如果公司依赖一些国外市场，那么市场的政治风险将伤害公司。频繁的贸易纠纷反映了出口目的地选择的重要性。尽管以前提出了市场多元化策略，但大多数公司仍然专注于几个市场，并且该论文表明了原因。在本文中，我们假设公司的入境成本并不是全部沉没的成本，并且显示了两种产品异质性影响广泛出口的方式在理论上和经验上。首先，产品异质性的增加促进了市场能力和利润的增加，越来越多的公司能够支付入境成本。如果有更多的公司进入市场，则该行业的其他公司将知道市场的信息。公司可以根据其他公司调整其行为，因此信息会改变进入成本，并且不是完全沉没的成本。这些信息使公司更有可能进入市场，并进入该行业其他公司现有市场的周围市场。当公司选择新市场时，他们倾向于先以很少的竞争对手进入市场。同样，产品异质性将直接影响公司的网络扩展，而降低产品异质性将增加同行信息的价值。这使公司更有可能进入市场，行业的公司专注于市场。
Industries can enter one country first, and then enter its neighbors' markets. Firms in the industry can expand trade network through the export behavior of other firms in the industry. If a firm is dependent on a few foreign markets, the political risks of the markets will hurt the firm. The frequent trade disputes reflect the importance of the choice of export destinations. Although the market diversification strategy was proposed before, most firms still focus on a few markets, and the paper shows reasons.In this paper, we assume the entry cost of firms is not all sunk cost, and show 2 ways that product heterogeneity impacts extensive margin of exports theoretically and empirically. Firstly, the increase in product heterogeneity promotes the increase in market power and profit, and more firms are able to pay the entry cost. If more firms enter the market, the information of the market will be known by other firms in the industry. Firms can adjust their behavior according to other firms, so the information changes entry cost and is not sunk cost completely. The information makes firms more likely to entry the market, and enter the surrounding markets of existing markets of other firms in the industry. When firms choose new markets, they tend to enter the markets with few competitors first.Meanwhile, product heterogeneity will directly affect the firms' network expansion, and the reduction of product heterogeneity will increase the value of peer information. This makes firms more likely to entry the market, and firms in the industry concentrate on the markets.
