论文标题

重新评估子公职对象的Kuiper皮带尺寸分布,揭示了小尺寸的碰撞平衡

A re-assessment of the Kuiper belt size distribution for sub-kilometer objects, revealing collisional equilibrium at small sizes

论文作者

Morbidelli, A., Nesvorny, D., Bottke, W. F., Marchi, S.

论文摘要

我们结合了Arokoth上的火山口记录和冥王星系统世界所提供的几个约束,以计算直径D <10km的山口山口山口生产功能的尺寸频率分布(SFD)。为此,我们使用了在望远镜调查上校准的Kuiper带对象(KBO)种群模型,该模型还描述了早期太阳系期间KBO种群的演变。我们使用Pluto,Charon和Nix上的火山口记录进一步校准了该模型。使用此模型,我们计算了在太阳系年龄段集成的ARROKOTH的影响概率。然后将此概率与其他观察性约束一起使用,以确定arrokoth上火山口产生函数的斜率。此外,我们还使用Kuiper带模型将KBOS对Arrokoth的影响率和速度与Charon上的速度进行比较,并在其各自表面的火山口保留年龄中整合。这使我们能够建立arokoth sub-km火山口的空间密度与夏隆上d〜20km陨石坑的空间密度之间的关系。总之,所有这些考虑都表明,这些世界上的火山口生产功能具有-1.5 <q <-1.2的累积幂律斜率。转换为弹丸SFD斜率,我们发现-1.2 <q_kbo <-1.0。这些值接近0.2---2〜km范围内主带小行星的累积斜率,这是碰撞平衡的人群。但是,对于KBOS,该斜率似乎从大约2km向下延伸至直径几十米的对象,如Arrokoth上的sub-km cmer所推断。从新地平线任务制造的Kuiper带中的灰尘密度的测量来看,我们预计KBOS的SFD再次陡峭地降至〜10-30m以下。所有这些考虑强烈表明,KBO种群的尺寸分布在碰撞平衡中。

We combine several constraints provided by the crater records on Arrokoth and the worlds of the Pluto system to compute the size-frequency distribution (SFD) of the crater production function for craters with diameter D<10km. For this purpose, we use a Kuiper belt objects (KBO) population model calibrated on telescopic surveys, that describes also the evolution of the KBO population during the early Solar System. We further calibrate this model using the crater record on Pluto, Charon and Nix. Using this model, we compute the impact probability on Arrokoth, integrated over the age of the Solar System. This probability is then used together with other observational constraints to determine the slope of the crater-production function on Arrokoth. In addition, we use our Kuiper belt model also to compare the impact rates and velocities of KBOs on Arrokoth with those on Charon, integrated over the crater retention ages of their respective surfaces. This allows us to establish a relationship between the spatial density of sub-km craters on Arrokoth and of D~20km craters on Charon. Together, all these considerations suggest the crater production function on these worlds has a cumulative power law slope of -1.5<q<-1.2. Converted into a projectile SFD slope, we find -1.2<q_KBO<-1.0. These values are close to the cumulative slope of main belt asteroids in the 0.2--2~km range, a population in collisional equilibrium. For KBOs, however, this slope appears to extend from ~2km down to objects a few tens of meters in diameter, as inferred from sub-km craters on Arrokoth. From the measurement of the dust density in the Kuiper belt made by the New Horizons mission, we predict that the SFD of the KBOs becomes steep again below ~10-30m. All these considerations strongly indicate that the size distribution of the KBO population is in collisional equilibrium.

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