论文标题
建模太阳能质子事件引起的火星表面辐射剂量
Modeling Solar Proton Event-induced Martian Surface Radiation Dose
论文作者
论文摘要
太阳质子事件（SPE）可能会导致火星表面辐射剂量的突然和显着增强。从卫星和表面检测器中获得了SPE对火星表面的影响的观察，但是数据集的时间非常有限，并且能量范围的范围有限，这使得它不足以估算主要事件对火星表面的影响。另一方面，影响地球跨越大能范围的SPE的长期数据可广泛使用，可用于估计主要事件对MARS对长时间尺度的影响。在此，我们在地球上几十年（2014年）中观察到了主要的SPE，以及Pamela观察（2006-2014），并使用Geant4 Monte Carlo代码来计算火星表面辐射剂量。我们研究了质子通量和事件光谱对表面辐射剂量的贡献，并估计了未来可能的主要SPE对火星表面的影响。这些结果对计划的人类探索火星具有重大影响。总体而言，我们发现极端事件的辐射剂量可能会对宇航员健康产生重大影响，在极少数情况下，最坏情况下，估计的剂量甚至可以达到致命水平。
Solar Proton Events (SPEs) can cause abrupt and significant enhancements to the Martian surface radiation dose. Observations of the impact of SPEs on the Martian surface are available from satellites and surface detectors, but the data set is very limited in time, and the energy range is limited in scope, which makes it insufficient to estimate the impact of major events on the Martian surface. On the other hand, long-term data of SPEs impacting the Earth spanning a large energy range is widely available, and can be used to estimate the impact of major events on Mars on long timescales. Herein, we take major SPEs observed during the past several decades on Earth (1956 - 2014), along with PAMELA observations (2006 - 2014) and use the GEANT4 Monte Carlo code to calculate the Martian surface radiation dose. We study the contribution of proton fluence and spectral shape of events on the surface radiation dose and estimated the impact of possible major SPEs on the Martian surface in the future. These results have major implications for the planned human exploration of Mars. Overall we find that the radiation dose from extreme events can have a significant impact on astronaut health, and in rare, worst case scenarios, the estimated dose can even reach lethal levels.
