论文标题
$ k $ - 秘书问题的新结果
New Results for the $k$-Secretary Problem
论文作者
论文摘要
假设$ n $项目以随机订单在线到达,目标是选择其中的$ k $,以使所选项目的预期总和最大化。任何项目的决定都是不可撤销的,必须在到达时做出,而不知道未来的项目。此问题被称为$ k $ - 秘书问题,其中包括特殊情况$ k = 1 $的经典秘书问题。众所周知,后一种问题可以通过竞争比率$ 1/e $的简单算法来解决,这对于$ n \ to \ fty $ $是最佳的。现有的算法超过了$ 1/e $的阈值,要么依赖于$ k = 2 $的涉及选择策略,要么假设$ k $很大。 在本文中,考虑到$ k $很小的有趣且相关的情况,我们介绍了$ k $ - 秘书问题的结果。我们专注于简单的选择算法,并附有组合分析。作为主要贡献,我们提出了一种自然确定性算法,旨在严格的竞争比率大于$ 1/e $ $ $ $ k \ geq 2 $。该算法几乎不比经典秘书问题的优雅策略要复杂,该算法的优雅策略是$ k = 1 $,并且适用于所有$ k \ geq 1 $。我们以$ k \ leq 100 $的价格得出其竞争比率,范围从$ k = 2 $的0.41美元到$ k = 100 $的0.75美元。 此外,我们考虑了文献早期提出的一种算法,为此尚无严格的分析。我们表明,$ k = 2 $的竞争比率为$ 0.4168 $,这意味着先前的分析并不紧张。我们的分析表明,该算法具有令人惊讶的组合属性,这可能有助于找到所有$ K $的严格分析。
Suppose that $n$ items arrive online in random order and the goal is to select $k$ of them such that the expected sum of the selected items is maximized. The decision for any item is irrevocable and must be made on arrival without knowing future items. This problem is known as the $k$-secretary problem, which includes the classical secretary problem with the special case $k=1$. It is well-known that the latter problem can be solved by a simple algorithm of competitive ratio $1/e$ which is optimal for $n \to \infty$. Existing algorithms beating the threshold of $1/e$ either rely on involved selection policies already for $k=2$, or assume that $k$ is large. In this paper we present results for the $k$-secretary problem, considering the interesting and relevant case that $k$ is small. We focus on simple selection algorithms, accompanied by combinatorial analyses. As a main contribution we propose a natural deterministic algorithm designed to have competitive ratios strictly greater than $1/e$ for small $k \geq 2$. This algorithm is hardly more complex than the elegant strategy for the classical secretary problem, optimal for $k=1$, and works for all $k \geq 1$. We derive its competitive ratios for $k \leq 100$, ranging from $0.41$ for $k=2$ to $0.75$ for $k=100$. Moreover, we consider an algorithm proposed earlier in the literature, for which no rigorous analysis is known. We show that its competitive ratio is $0.4168$ for $k=2$, implying that the previous analysis was not tight. Our analysis reveals a surprising combinatorial property of this algorithm, which might be helpful to find a tight analysis for all $k$.