论文标题
沮丧的磁铁中的州选择
State selection in frustrated magnets
论文作者
论文摘要
沮丧的磁铁通常显示出意外的变性性,其特征是大型的经典地面空间(CGSS)。量子波动可能会“选择”以下基态之一 - 一种在文献中标记为“(量子)障碍”的现象。在本文中,我们研究了发生这种状态选择的机制。我们认为,在低能的磁体上映射到在CGSS上移动的粒子。状态选择对应于该空间某个点上粒子的定位。我们区分了可以带来本地化的两种机制。首先,量子波动在CGSS上产生潜力。如果电势具有足够深的最小值,则粒子位于其附近。我们将其表示为“潜在秩序”(OBP)。在第二种情况下,粒子由于结合状态的形成而定位在自我交流点 - 几何和量子干扰的结果。在本作者的最新研究之后,我们将这种情况表示为“奇异性”(obs)。我们将讨论置于一维旋转-S $ KITAEV模型的背景下。我们绘制其CGSS,该CGSS随着系统尺寸的增加而系统地生长。它类似于一个网络,其中节点的数量呈指数增加。另外,在每个节点上交叉的电线的数量也呈指数增长。这种自我互相结构的结构导致了观察力,其低能物理学由CGS的一小部分(由“笛卡尔”状态组成)确定。当引入其他XY抗铁磁耦合时,就会出现对比的图片。 CGSS以圆的形式大大简化。自旋波的波动在该空间上产生了潜力,从而在某些条件下通过OBP导致状态选择。除了对比OBS和OBP外,我们还讨论了宏观磁体中观察的可能性。
Magnets with frustration often show accidental degeneracies, characterized by a large classical ground-state space (CGSS). Quantum fluctuations may `select' one of these ground states -- a phenomenon labeled `order by (quantum) disorder' in literature. In this article, we examine the mechanism(s) by which such state selection takes place. We argue that a magnet, at low energies, maps to a particle moving on the CGSS. State selection corresponds to localization of the particle at a certain point on this space. We distinguish two mechanisms that can bring about localization. In the first, quantum fluctuations generate a potential on the CGSS. If the potential has a deep enough minimum, then the particle localizes in its vicinity. We denote this as `order by potential' (ObP). In the second scenario, the particle localizes at a self-intersection point due to bound-state formation -- a consequence of geometry and quantum interference. Following recent studies by the present authors, we denote this scenario as `order by singularity' (ObS). We place our discussion within the context of the one-dimensional spin-$S$ Kitaev model. We map out its CGSS which grows systematically with increasing system size. It resembles a network where the number of nodes increases exponentially. In addition, the number of wires that cross at each node also grows exponentially. This self-intersecting structure leads to ObS, with the low-energy physics determined by a small subset of the CGSS, consisting of `Cartesian' states. A contrasting picture emerges when an additional XY antiferromagnetic coupling is introduced. The CGSS simplifies dramatically, taking the form of a circle. Spin-wave fluctuations generate a potential on this space, giving rise to state selection by ObP under certain conditions. Apart from contrasting ObS and ObP, we discuss the possibility of ObS in macroscopic magnets.