论文标题
直接观察光子的粒子交换阶段
Direct observation of the particle exchange phase of photons
论文作者
论文摘要
量子理论规定，如果两个粒子在所有物理方面相同，则系统的允许状态相对于粒子标签的排列是对称的或反对称的。在实验上，可以间接地推断出国家的对称性，即在理论分析中忽略正确的交换对称性会导致观察结果巨大差异。直接揭示状态对称性的唯一方法是，两个相同的粒子是通过对原始状态和物理置换的粒子的干扰，并测量与置换过程相关的相位，即所谓的粒子交换阶段。遵循这个想法，我们测量了无法区分的光子的交换阶段，提供了光子骨质特征的直接证据。
Quantum theory stipulates that if two particles are identical in all physical aspects, the allowed states of the system are either symmetric or antisymmetric with respect to permutations of the particle labels. Experimentally, the symmetry of the states can be inferred indirectly from the fact that neglecting the correct exchange symmetry in the theoretical analysis leads to dramatic discrepancies with the observations. The only way to directly unveil the symmetry of the states for, say, two identical particles is through the interference of the original state and the physically permuted one, and measure the phase associated with the permutation process, the so-called particle exchange phase. Following this idea, we have measured the exchange phase of indistinguishable photons, providing direct evidence of the bosonic character of photons.
