论文标题

木星和土星之间轨道中的小物体的动力学

Dynamics of Small Bodies in Orbits Between Jupiter and Saturn

论文作者

Roberts, Andrew C., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Marco A.

论文摘要

我们检查了类似于与29p/schwassmann-Wachmann 1相似的轨道中小体的动力学,即木星和土星之间的近圆形轨道。截至2019年底,该地区还有14个已知的尸体,它们位于相似的轨道上。先前的研究表明,太阳系的这个区域在我们称之为“ Centaur地区”(NCR)的这项工作中不稳定,这表明其中发现的任何尸体都会有很短的寿命。我们对最初位于Kuiper带的无质量颗粒的演变进行了20个MYR高精度数值模拟,但靠近海王星,而Perihelia略低于33 au(“ Neptune Crossers”)。这些颗粒中的一些迅速向内迁移,在成为木星家族彗星之前经过NCR。我们发现NCR中的对象确实确实很快就会通过它。但是,我们的模拟表明该区域的共振行为有些普遍,并且可以捕获多达100 kyr的对象。我们总结了该地区29p和其他观察到的物体的动力学 - 其中两个似乎显然表现出共振的行为---并使用我们的模拟对Neptune Crossers的储层尺寸限制,这在其当时决定了Kuiper带的储层大小。最后,我们基于将观察到的木星家庭彗星保持在稳态所需的注入率,对当前的半人马,尤其是NCR人群施加了一些限制。

We examine the dynamics of small bodies in orbits similar to that of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, i.e. near-circular orbits between Jupiter and Saturn. As of late 2019, there are 14 other known bodies in this region that lie in similar orbits. Previous research has shown that this region of the solar system, which in this work we call the "near Centaur region" (NCR), is not stable, suggesting that any bodies found in it would have very short lifetimes. We performed 20 Myr high-precision numerical simulations of the evolution of massless particles, initially located in the Kuiper belt but close to Neptune, with perihelia slightly below 33 au ("Neptune crossers"). Some of these particles quickly migrate inward, passing through the NCR before becoming Jupiter Family Comets. We find that objects in the NCR do indeed generally travel through it very quickly. However, our simulations reveal that resonant behavior in this region is somewhat common and can trap objects for up to 100 Kyr. We summarize the dynamics of 29P and other observed bodies in the region---two of which seem to be clearly exhibiting resonant behavior---and use our simulations to put limits on the reservoir size of the Neptune crossers, which at its time determines the reservoir size of the Kuiper belt. Finally, we put some constraints on the current population of Centaurs and particularly of the NCR population, based on the injection rates required to keep the observed population of Jupiter family comets in steady-state.

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