论文标题
使用waldmeier效果的黑子和小组编号的校准
Calibration of the Sunspot and Group Numbers Using the Waldmeier Effect
论文作者
论文摘要
Waldmeier的效应是，观察到，黑子循环的上升时间与循环幅度成反比：强循环比弱周期更快地提高到最大速度。正如Wolfer（1902）和Waldmeier（1978）已经指出的那样，循环的形状以及上升时间不取决于黑子数量的比例因子，因此可以用来用时间来验证量表因子的恒定量。我们将其分析扩展到目前使用新的SILSO Sunspot号（版本2）和组编号，并确认在过去250年中，量表因子的变化并没有显着变化。该效果在黑子区域，EUV（和F10.7）代理（地磁变化的每日范围）和宇宙射线调制中也发现了效果。结果是，在18、19和20世纪（17世纪）中的每一个中，太阳能活动都达到了相似的高价值，这支持了没有现代最高最高最高最高最高值的发现。
The Waldmeier Effect is the observation that the rise time of a sunspot cycle varies inversely with the cycle amplitude: strong cycles rise to their maximum faster than weak cycles. The shape of the cycle and thus the rise time does not depend on the scale factor of the sunspot number and can thus be used to verify the constancy of the scale factor with time as already noted by Wolfer (1902) and Waldmeier (1978). We extend their analysis until the present using the new SILSO sunspot number (version 2) and group number and confirm that the scale factors have not varied significantly the past 250 years. The effect is also found in sunspot areas, in an EUV (and F10.7) proxy (the daily range of a geomagnetic variation), and in Cosmic Ray Modulation. The result is that solar activity reached similar high values in every one of the (17th?) 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, supporting the finding that there has been no modern Grand Maximum.
