论文标题
宇宙射线电子和正电子的银河工厂
Galactic factories of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons
论文作者
论文摘要
我们介绍了来自随机来源，超新星残留物和脉冲星的电子和正电子光谱的新颖计算，分布在银河系的螺旋臂内。脉冲星的发射率在电子 - 词素对方面被认为是时间依赖性，磁极旋转向下的光度，并考虑了电势下降的时间演变。此外，每个脉冲星，从观察到的分布中随机选择的磁场和初始自旋周期，仅在其离开母体超新星由于出生踢速度（也从观察到的分布中随机选择）才被视为对的来源。我们表明（i）电子的频谱的特征是$ \ gtrsim 50 $ gev的功能，证明其运输是由辐射损失主导的。 $ e \ gtrsim 1 $ tev的通量减少是从螺旋臂中的来源运输的结果来解释的。 （ii）正上音的频谱通过脉冲星的贡献和上升的正电子馏分自然而然地描述了。还讨论了脉冲星作为正电子源在很高能量下的含义。 （iii）对波动在高能状态中的作用进行了彻底讨论，并用来得出结论，就当前和即将到来的实验而进行局部源对Lepton Spectrum的贡献的可能性。
We present a novel calculation of the spectrum of electrons and positrons from random sources, supernova remnants and pulsars, distributed within the spiral arms of the Galaxy. The pulsar emissivity in terms of electron-positron pairs is considered as time dependent, following the magnetic dipole spin-down luminosity, and the temporal evolution of the potential drop is accounted for. Moreover each pulsar, with the magnetic field and initial spin period selected at random from the observed distribution, is considered as a source of pairs only after it leaves the parent supernova due to its birth kick velocity (also selected at random from the observed distribution). We show that (i) the spectrum of electrons is characterized by a feature at $\gtrsim 50$ GeV that proves that their transport is dominated by radiative losses. The flux reduction at $E\gtrsim 1$ TeV is explained as a result of lepton transport from sources in the spiral arms. (ii) The spectrum of positrons is very well described by the contribution of pulsars and the rising positron fraction originates naturally. The implications of pulsars as positron sources in terms of positron fraction at very high energies are also discussed. (iii) The role of fluctuations in the high-energy regime is thoroughly discussed and used to draw conclusions on the possibility to single out the contribution of local sources to the lepton spectrum with current and upcoming experiments.
