论文标题
无论是尚未解决的：测量镜头超新星的时间延迟
Be It Unresolved: Measuring Time Delays from Lensed Supernovae
论文作者
论文摘要
重力透镜IA型超新星可能是宇宙探针中的下一个边界，能够对黑能，空间曲率和哈勃常数产生独立的约束。由于来源的标准化蜡烛性质，几个月而不是几年的监测以及对微透明的部分免疫力，多个图像之间的时间延迟的测量变得更加敏锐。尽管目前极为罕见，但应通过即将进行的时域调查检测到数百个这样的系统。更多的图像将在空间上无法解决，观察到的灯曲线是时间延迟图像通量的叠加。我们研究仅在光曲线信息的情况下，未解决的图像是否可以识别为透镜源，以及是否可以强劲提取时间延迟。我们开发了一种成功识别此类系统的方法，其虚假正率为$ \ lyssim 5 \％$，并以$ \ gtrsim 93 \％$的完整性来衡量时间延迟，并以$ \ lyssim 0.5 \％$ 0.5 \％$ $δT_ {\ rm fit} {\ rm fit} \ gtrsim fit} \ gtrsim gtrsim 10 $ 10 $ 10 $ 10美元。
Gravitationally lensed Type Ia supernovae may be the next frontier in cosmic probes, able to deliver independent constraints on dark energy, spatial curvature, and the Hubble constant. Measurements of time delays between the multiple images become more incisive due to the standardized candle nature of the source, monitoring for months rather than years, and partial immunity to microlensing. While currently extremely rare, hundreds of such systems should be detected by upcoming time domain surveys. Even more will have the images spatially unresolved, with the observed lightcurve a superposition of time delayed image fluxes. We investigate whether unresolved images can be recognized as lensed sources given only lightcurve information, and whether time delays can be extracted robustly. We develop a method that successfully identifies such systems, with a false positive rate of $\lesssim 5\%$, and measures the time delays with a completeness of $\gtrsim 93\%$ and with a bias of $\lesssim 0.5\%$ for $Δt_{\rm fit} \gtrsim 10$ days.
