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This paper describes a neural drum transcription method that detects from music signals the onset times of drums at the $\textit{tatum}$ level, where tatum times are assumed to be estimated in advance. In conventional studies on drum transcription, deep neural networks (DNNs) have often been used to take a music spectrogram as input and estimate the onset times of drums at the $\textit{frame}$ level. The major problem with such frame-to-frame DNNs, however, is that the estimated onset times do not often conform with the typical tatum-level patterns appearing in symbolic drum scores because the long-term musically meaningful structures of those patterns are difficult to learn at the frame level. To solve this problem, we propose a regularized training method for a frame-to-tatum DNN. In the proposed method, a tatum-level probabilistic language model (gated recurrent unit (GRU) network or repetition-aware bi-gram model) is trained from an extensive collection of drum scores. Given that the musical naturalness of tatum-level onset times can be evaluated by the language model, the frame-to-tatum DNN is trained with a regularizer based on the pretrained language model. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed regularized training method.