论文标题

卷积生成对抗网络中的空间频率偏差

Spatial Frequency Bias in Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks

论文作者

Khayatkhoei, Mahyar, Elgammal, Ahmed

论文摘要

随着自然图像上生成对抗网络(GAN)的成功迅速将它们推向了不同领域的各种现实生活,清楚地了解它们的局限性变得越来越重要。具体而言,了解gan在整个空间频率上的能力,即自然图像的低频显性频谱以外,对于评估在任何细节敏感应用中生成的数据的可靠性至关重要(例如,在医学和卫星图像中脱氧,填充,填充和超级分辨率和超级分辨率和超级分辨率和超级分辨率)。在本文中,我们表明,卷积gan学习分布的能力受到基础载流子信号的空间频率的显着影响,即,甘恩(Gans)对学习高空间频率有偏见。至关重要的是,我们表明这种偏见不仅是自然图像中高频缺乏的结果,而且是一种系统性的偏见,无论其在数据集中的突出程度如何,都阻碍了高频学习。此外,我们解释了为什么大规模gan在自然图像上产生细节的能力并不能从这种偏见的不利影响中排除。最后,我们提出了一种用最小的计算开销来操纵这种偏见的方法。该方法可用于将计算资源明确指导到数据集中的任何特定空间频率,从而扩展了gan的灵活性。

As the success of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) on natural images quickly propels them into various real-life applications across different domains, it becomes more and more important to clearly understand their limitations. Specifically, understanding GANs' capability across the full spectrum of spatial frequencies, i.e. beyond the low-frequency dominant spectrum of natural images, is critical for assessing the reliability of GAN generated data in any detail-sensitive application (e.g. denoising, filling and super-resolution in medical and satellite images). In this paper, we show that the ability of convolutional GANs to learn a distribution is significantly affected by the spatial frequency of the underlying carrier signal, that is, GANs have a bias against learning high spatial frequencies. Crucially, we show that this bias is not merely a result of the scarcity of high frequencies in natural images, rather, it is a systemic bias hindering the learning of high frequencies regardless of their prominence in a dataset. Furthermore, we explain why large-scale GANs' ability to generate fine details on natural images does not exclude them from the adverse effects of this bias. Finally, we propose a method for manipulating this bias with minimal computational overhead. This method can be used to explicitly direct computational resources towards any specific spatial frequency of interest in a dataset, extending the flexibility of GANs.

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