论文标题
在小型纳入大气的温度曲线和发射光谱上
On the Temperature Profiles and Emission Spectra of Mini-Neptune Atmospheres
论文作者
论文摘要
大气观察到绕着M-dwarfs的迷你新持久性观察开始对其化学和热性能提供限制，同时还提供了有关其内部和潜在表面的线索。由于其相对较大的高度和大行星明星的对比，迷你纽扣目前是表征温带低质量系外行星的理想目标。了解迷你纽扣的热结构和光谱出现对于了解其大气的各个方面，包括辐射/对流能量运输，内部边界条件及其潜在的可居住性很重要。在本研究中，我们使用其大气模型探索了迷你纽扣的这些方面。首先，我们探索辐射，内部通量，金属性，云和危险对大气温度曲线的影响以及温带迷你北极线的热发射光谱。特别是，我们研究了这些特性对降低大气中辐射感染边界和热力学条件的影响，这是与内部和/或电势表面的界面。基于最新的小型Neptune K2-18 B的可居住性建议，我们发现了一系列物理动机的大气条件，这些条件允许在此类行星的H_2丰富大气下进行液态水。我们发现，使用JWST/MIRI分光光度法对热发射的观察可以对诸如K2-18 B之类的温带微型北极螺旋体的可居住性施加有用的约束，并就诸如GJ 3470 B等暖行星（例如GJ 3470 B）的化学和热性能提供了更详细的约束。我们的结果是在寻找可居住的系外行星时，温带迷你纽扣（例如K2-18 B）的潜力。
Atmospheric observations of mini-Neptunes orbiting M-dwarfs are beginning to provide constraints on their chemical and thermal properties, while also providing clues about their interiors and potential surfaces. With their relatively large scale heights and large planet-star contrasts, mini-Neptunes are currently ideal targets towards the goal of characterising temperate low-mass exoplanets. Understanding the thermal structures and spectral appearances of mini-Neptunes is important to understand various aspects of their atmospheres, including radiative/convective energy transport, boundary conditions for the interior, and their potential habitability. In the present study, we explore these aspects of mini-Neptunes using self-consistent models of their atmospheres. We begin by exploring the effects of irradiation, internal flux, metallicity, clouds and hazes on the atmospheric temperature profiles and thermal emission spectra of temperate mini-Neptunes. In particular, we investigate the impact of these properties on the radiative-convective boundary and the thermodynamic conditions in the lower atmosphere, which serves as the interface with the interior and/or a potential surface. Building on recent suggestions of habitability of the mini-Neptune K2-18 b, we find a range of physically-motivated atmospheric conditions that allow for liquid water under the H_2-rich atmospheres of such planets. We find that observations of thermal emission with JWST/MIRI spectrophotometry can place useful constraints on the habitability of temperate mini-Neptunes such as K2-18 b, and provide more detailed constraints on the chemical and thermal properties of warmer planets such as GJ 3470 b. Our results underpin the potential of temperate mini-Neptunes such as K2-18 b as promising candidates in the search for habitable exoplanets.
