论文标题
哲学指导的建模和对复杂系统中适应和控制的实施
Philosophy-Guided Modelling and Implementation of Adaptation and Control in Complex Systems
论文作者
论文摘要
控制从一开始就成为控制论的重要概念。例如，以W. Ross Ashby的作品为例，根据控制论系统理论来解释诸如适应的生物学概念。适应是系统能够调节或控制自身以适应其内部和外部环境维持稳态状态的变化的过程。在较早的作品中，我们开发了一个系统元模型，一方面是指结构，操作和系统等控制论概念，另一方面是吉尔伯特·西蒙登（Gilbert Simondon）个体化的哲学。结果是所谓的Allagmatic方法，该方法能够从抽象的构建块开始创建系统的系统模型，例如人工神经网络和蜂窝自动机。在本文中，我们添加了已经存在的方法，即控制的控制概念，尤其是适应。关于系统元模型，我们再次依靠哲学理论，这次是阿尔弗雷德·怀特黑德（Alfred N. Whitehead）的有机体哲学。我们展示了如何形式上描述这些新的元理论概念以及如何在程序代码中实现。我们还展示了它们在简单实验中扮演的角色。我们得出的结论是，哲学抽象的概念有助于更好地理解创建计算机模型及其控制和适应的过程。在Outlook中，我们讨论了如何扩展Allagmatic方法，以涵盖复杂系统的领域以及Norbert Wiener的控制观念。
Control was from its very beginning an important concept in cybernetics. Later on, with the works of W. Ross Ashby, for example, biological concepts such as adaptation were interpreted in the light of cybernetic systems theory. Adaptation is the process by which a system is capable of regulating or controlling itself in order to adapt to changes of its inner and outer environment maintaining a homeostatic state. In earlier works we have developed a system metamodel that on the one hand refers to cybernetic concepts such as structure, operation, and system, and on the other to the philosophy of individuation of Gilbert Simondon. The result is the so-called allagmatic method that is capable of creating concrete models of systems such as artificial neural networks and cellular automata starting from abstract building blocks. In this paper, we add to our already existing method the cybernetic concepts of control and especially adaptation. In regard to the system metamodel, we rely again on philosophical theories, this time the philosophy of organism of Alfred N. Whitehead. We show how these new meta-theoretical concepts are described formally and how they are implemented in program code. We also show what role they play in simple experiments. We conclude that philosophical abstract concepts help to better understand the process of creating computer models and their control and adaptation. In the outlook we discuss how the allagmatic method needs to be extended in order to cover the field of complex systems and Norbert Wiener's ideas on control.
