论文标题

太阳的子午循环:观测,理论和与太阳能发电机的联系

The Meridional Circulation of the Sun: Observations, Theory and Connections with the Solar Dynamo

论文作者

Choudhuri, Arnab Rai

论文摘要

太阳的子午循环在表面是极点的,应在一定深度的返回流。由于诸如差异旋转和子午循环之类的大规模流由对流区域的湍流驱动,因此预计这些流将保持在该区域内。当前的观察(基于气旋理论)和理论(基于发电机理论)的证据表明,对流区底部的子午循环的赤道回流流。假设在湍流上平均轴对称的各种量的平均值,我们根据2D平均场理论研究了太阳能恒星中的大规模流。旋转恒星中的湍流应力可以传输角动量,从而建立差异旋转。子午循环是由于两个术语之间的轻微失衡引起的,试图将其朝相反的方向推动:热风项(由于极性区域中对流热传输的较高效率而产生)和离心项(由差异旋转引起)。为了使这些术语可比,太阳的杆子应该比赤道稍热。我们讨论了子午循环在通量传输发电机模型中所起的重要作用。 Babcock-Leighton工艺在表面上产生的多型球场是向极向推动的,而对流区底部产生的环形场则被推向赤道。子午循环中的波动(约30 - 40年)有助于解释太阳周期中不规则的许多方面。最后,我们讨论了发电机生成的磁场的洛伦兹力如何在太阳周期中引起大规模流动的周期性变化。

The meridional circulation of the Sun, which is observed to be poleward at the surface, should have a return flow at some depth. Since large-scale flows like the differential rotation and the meridional circulation are driven by turbulent stresses in the convection zone, these flows are expected to remain confined within this zone. Current observational (based on helioseismology) and theoretical (based on dynamo theory) evidences point towards an equatorward return flow of the meridional circulation at the bottom of the convection zone. Assuming the mean values of various quantities averaged over turbulence to be axisymmetric, we study the large-scale flows in solar-like stars on the basis of a 2D mean field theory. Turbulent stresses in a rotating star can transport angular momentum, setting up a differential rotation. The meridional circulation arises from a slight imbalance between two terms which try to drive it in opposite directions: a thermal wind term (arising out of the higher efficiency of convective heat transport in the polar regions) and a centrifugal term (arising out of the differential rotation). To make these terms comparable, the poles of the Sun should be slightly hotter than the equator. We discuss the important role played by the meridional circulation in the flux transport dynamo model. The poloidal field generated by the Babcock--Leighton process at the surface is advected poleward, whereas the toroidal field produced at the bottom of the convection zone is advected equatorward. The fluctuations in the meridional circulation (with coherence time of about 30--40 yr) help in explaining many aspects of the irregularities in the solar cycle. Finally, we discuss how the Lorentz force of the dynamo-generated magnetic field can cause periodic variations in the large-scale flows with the solar cycle.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源