论文标题
售出$^{87} $ sr millihertz时钟过渡的自然线宽的确定量确定30 $μ$ Hz分辨率
Cavity-QED determination of the natural linewidth of the $^{87}$Sr millihertz clock transition with 30$μ$Hz resolution
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了一种新方法，用于确定异常长寿命光激发态的内在自然线宽或寿命。这种转变是最先进的原子钟的性能的关键，在搜索基本物理和重力波探测器以及新颖的量子多体现象时具有潜在的应用。随着寿命较长的光学转变，灵敏度提高了，但是到目前为止，确定许多长期存在的光激发态的自然寿命被证明具有挑战性，因为标准种群衰减检测技术在实验上变得困难。 Here, we determine the ratio of a poorly known ultranarrow linewidth transition ($^3$P$_0$ to $^1$S$_0$ in $^{87}$Sr) to that of another narrow well known transition ($^3$P$_1$ to $^1$S$_0$) by coupling the two transitions to a single optical cavity and performing interleaved nondestructive在每个过渡频率附近的空腔模式的原子的相互作用强度的测量。我们使用这种方法来确定时钟过渡的自然线宽$^3 $ p $ _0 $ to $^1 $ s $ s $ _0 $ in $^{87} $ sr为$γ_0/（2π）= 1.35（3）〜$ MHz或$ MHz或$ MHz或$ MHz或$τ= 118（3）〜$ s。 30 $ 〜μ $ Hz的分辨率意味着我们可以在2小时以下的寿命下检测到状态，并且通过直接改进，我们可以使用只能持续几百毫秒的测量试验来检测最多15小时的状态，从而消除了长期存储时间的需求。
We present a new method for determining the intrinsic natural linewidth or lifetime of exceptionally long-lived optical excited states. Such transitions are key to the performance of state-of-the-art atomic clocks, have potential applications in searches for fundamental physics and gravitational wave detectors, as well as novel quantum many-body phenomena. With longer lifetime optical transitions, sensitivity is increased, but so far it has proved challenging to determine the natural lifetime of many of these long lived optical excited states because standard population decay detection techniques become experimentally difficult. Here, we determine the ratio of a poorly known ultranarrow linewidth transition ($^3$P$_0$ to $^1$S$_0$ in $^{87}$Sr) to that of another narrow well known transition ($^3$P$_1$ to $^1$S$_0$) by coupling the two transitions to a single optical cavity and performing interleaved nondestructive measurements of the interaction strengths of the atoms with cavity modes near each transition frequency. We use this approach to determine the natural linewidth of the clock transition $^3$P$_0$ to $^1$S$_0$ in $^{87}$Sr to be $γ_0/(2π) = 1.35(3)~$mHz or $τ= 118(3)~$s. The 30$~μ$Hz resolution implies that we could detect states with lifetimes just below 2 hours, and with straightforward future improvements, we could detect states with lifetimes up to 15 hours, using measurement trials that last only a few hundred milliseconds, eliminating the need for long storage times in optical potentials.
