论文标题

IOCA:以网络为中心的多租户平台的高速I/O-Aware LLC管理

IOCA: High-Speed I/O-Aware LLC Management for Network-Centric Multi-Tenant Platform

论文作者

Yuan, Yifan, Alian, Mohammad, Wang, Yipeng, Kurakin, Ilia, Wang, Ren, Tai, Charlie, Kim, Nam Sung

论文摘要

在Modern Server CPU中,Last级高速缓存(LLC)是一种关键的硬件资源,对工作负载的性能产生重大影响,以及如何管理LLC是具有多租赁云中性能隔离和QoS的关键。在本文中,我们认为,除了CPU内核外,高速网络I/O对于LLC管理也很重要。这是因为Intel Architectural Innovation(数据直接I/O(DDIO))将入站I/O流量直接注入(一部分)LLC而不是主内存。我们总结了DDIO引起的两个问题,并表明(1)默认的DDIO配置可能并不总是达到最佳性能,(2)DDIO可以降低与其共享LLC的非I/O工作负载的性能高达32%。 然后,我们提出了IOCA,这是第一个以网络为中心平台的LLC管理机制,该机制将I/O视为一流的公民。 IOCA使用CPU的硬件性能计数器来监视和分析CORES,LLC和DDIO的性能,并自适应地调整DDIO或要求更高LLC容量的租户的LLC数量。此外,IOCA动态选择了与DDIO共享其LLC资源的租户,以最大程度地减少租户和I/O的性能干扰。我们在两个主要的终端网络模型中使用多个微型基准和现实世界应用的实验表明,IOCA可以有效地降低DDIO引起的性能降低,而开销最少。

In modern server CPUs, last-level cache (LLC) is a critical hardware resource that exerts significant influence on the performance of the workloads, and how to manage LLC is a key to the performance isolation and QoS in the cloud with multi-tenancy. In this paper, we argue that besides CPU cores, high-speed network I/O is also important for LLC management. This is because of an Intel architectural innovation -- Data Direct I/O (DDIO) -- that directly injects the inbound I/O traffic to (part of) the LLC instead of the main memory. We summarize two problems caused by DDIO and show that (1) the default DDIO configuration may not always achieve optimal performance, (2) DDIO can decrease the performance of non-I/O workloads which share LLC with it by as high as 32%. We then present IOCA, the first LLC management mechanism for network-centric platforms that treats the I/O as the first-class citizen. IOCA monitors and analyzes the performance of the cores, LLC, and DDIO using CPU's hardware performance counters, and adaptively adjusts the number of LLC ways for DDIO or the tenants that demand more LLC capacity. In addition, IOCA dynamically chooses the tenants that share its LLC resource with DDIO, to minimize the performance interference by both the tenants and the I/O. Our experiments with multiple microbenchmarks and real-world applications in two major end-host network models demonstrate that IOCA can effectively reduce the performance degradation caused by DDIO, with minimal overhead.

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