论文标题
从恐惧到仇恨：美国的大流行如何在美国发生种族歧视
From Fear to Hate: How the Covid-19 Pandemic Sparks Racial Animus in the United States
论文作者
论文摘要
通过Google搜索和Twitter帖子（包括常用的反亚洲种族诽谤）衡量，我们估计了冠状病毒（Covid-19）大流行对种族歧视的影响。我们的经验策略利用了美国第一个Covid-19诊断的时间的显着外源变异。我们发现，第一个本地诊断会导致种族主义的Google搜索和Twitter帖子立即增加，后者主要来自现有的Twitter用户首次发布Slur。这种增加可能表明未来的仇恨犯罪有所增加，因为我们记录了使用历史数据使用Slur和反亚洲仇恨犯罪之间的密切相关性。此外，我们发现，仇恨的上升是针对亚洲人而不是其他少数群体的，并且在疾病与亚洲人之间的联系更加突出时，特朗普总统的推文同时提到了中国和古维德19。相比之下，大流行的负面经济影响在最初的种族动画中最初的作用很少。我们的结果表明，脱颖而出的疾病与特定种族群体之间的联系可以有效地遏制当前和未来的种族歧视。
We estimate the effect of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic on racial animus, as measured by Google searches and Twitter posts including a commonly used anti-Asian racial slur. Our empirical strategy exploits the plausibly exogenous variation in the timing of the first Covid-19 diagnosis across regions in the United States. We find that the first local diagnosis leads to an immediate increase in racist Google searches and Twitter posts, with the latter mainly coming from existing Twitter users posting the slur for the first time. This increase could indicate a rise in future hate crimes, as we document a strong correlation between the use of the slur and anti-Asian hate crimes using historic data. Moreover, we find that the rise in the animosity is directed at Asians rather than other minority groups and is stronger on days when the connection between the disease and Asians is more salient, as proxied by President Trump's tweets mentioning China and Covid-19 at the same time. In contrast, the negative economic impact of the pandemic plays little role in the initial increase in racial animus. Our results suggest that de-emphasizing the connection between the disease and a particular racial group can be effective in curbing current and future racial animus.
