论文标题
垂直竞争的冲动和电力切换游戏模型
An Impulse-Regime Switching Game Model of Vertical Competition
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了一种新型的非零和随机差异游戏,具有混合冲动/切换控制,这是由商品市场的战略竞争所激发的。代表上游公司生产的商品,该商品被代表性下游公司使用,以产生最终的消费良好。两家公司都可以影响商品的价格。通过关闭或提高发电能力,上游公司用冲动影响了价格。通过切换(或不切换)替代品,下游公司会影响商品价格过程的漂移。我们研究了由此产生的冲动 - 两家公司之间的政权切换游戏,重点是明确的阈值型平衡。值得注意的是,这类游戏自然会引起多个NASH均衡,我们通过基于验证的方法获得。我们根据下游公司的最终开关数(零,一个或无限数量的开关),展示了三种类型的平衡。我们说明了原油市场特定情况下垂直整合提供的多元化效果。我们的分析表明,多样化的收益在很大程度上取决于从原油价格到汽油价格的传递。
We study a new kind of non-zero-sum stochastic differential game with mixed impulse/switching controls, motivated by strategic competition in commodity markets. A representative upstream firm produces a commodity that is used by a representative downstream firm to produce a final consumption good. Both firms can influence the price of the commodity. By shutting down or increasing generation capacities, the upstream firm influences the price with impulses. By switching (or not) to a substitute, the downstream firm influences the drift of the commodity price process. We study the resulting impulse--regime switching game between the two firms, focusing on explicit threshold-type equilibria. Remarkably, this class of games naturally gives rise to multiple Nash equilibria, which we obtain via a verification based approach. We exhibit three types of equilibria depending on the ultimate number of switches by the downstream firm (zero, one or an infinite number of switches). We illustrate the diversification effect provided by vertical integration in the specific case of the crude oil market. Our analysis shows that the diversification gains strongly depend on the pass-through from the crude price to the gasoline price.