论文标题
捷克电力电网中电力线和变压器的直接和延迟响应对地磁风暴
Immediate and delayed responses of power lines and transformers in the Czech electric power grid to geomagnetic storms
论文作者
论文摘要
太阳活动的喷发事件通常会触发地磁场的突然变化。通过电流的诱导，人类基础设施也受到影响，即电力传输网络的设备。在过去的研究中表明，在暴露于强的地磁电流后，功率网络异常的速率可能会增加。我们搜索捷克电分布网格中设备的快速响应，以使其对高地磁活性的日期受到干扰。 Such disturbed days are described either by the cumulative storm-time $Dst$ or $d(\textit{SYM-H})/dt$ low-latitude indices mainly influenced by ring current variations, by the cumulative $AE$ high-latitude index measuring substorm-related auroral current variations, or by the cumulative $ap$ mid-latitude index measuring both ring and auroral current variations.我们使用超跨时期分析来确定这种干扰日期内和之后可能增加的异常率的增加。我们表明，在电力线上的一系列异常情况下，在地磁风暴开始后，异常速率立即（在1天之内）明显增加。在变压器的情况下，异常率的增加通常会延迟2--3天。我们还发现，变压器和某些电动变电站似乎对长期暴露于近代的敏感，并且异常增加延迟。总体而言，我们表明，在地磁活动开始后的5天期间，捷克功率网格中记录的异常数量大约增加了5--10 \％，因此，这一小部分异常可能与暴露于GIC有关。
Eruptive events of solar activity often trigger abrupt variations of the geomagnetic field. Through the induction of electric currents, human infrastructures are also affected, namely the equipment of electric power transmission networks. It was shown in past studies that the rate of power-grid anomalies may increase after an exposure to strong geomagnetically induced currents. We search for a rapid response of devices in the Czech electric distribution grid to disturbed days of high geomagnetic activity. Such disturbed days are described either by the cumulative storm-time $Dst$ or $d(\textit{SYM-H})/dt$ low-latitude indices mainly influenced by ring current variations, by the cumulative $AE$ high-latitude index measuring substorm-related auroral current variations, or by the cumulative $ap$ mid-latitude index measuring both ring and auroral current variations. We use superposed epoch analysis to identify possible increases of anomaly rates during and after such disturbed days. We show that in the case of abundant series of anomalies on power lines, the anomaly rate increases significantly immediately (within 1 day) after the onset of geomagnetic storms. In the case of transformers, the increase of the anomaly rate is generally delayed by 2--3 days. We also find that transformers and some electric substations seem to be sensitive to a prolonged exposure to substorms, with a delayed increase of anomalies. Overall, we show that in the 5-day period following the commencement of geomagnetic activity there is an approximately 5--10\% increase in the recorded anomalies in the Czech power grid and thus this fraction of anomalies is probably related to an exposure to GICs.
