论文标题

多获胜者选举通过社会影响

Multi-Winner Election Control via Social Influence

论文作者

Mehrizi, Mohammad Abouei, D'Angelo, Gianlorenzo

论文摘要

在选举中,我们获得了一组选民,每个选民都有比一组候选人的偏好清单,这些候选人分布在社交网络上。我们考虑一个场景,选民可能会因其社交网络中邻居收到的消息而更改其偏好列表。具体而言,我们考虑了一项政治运动,该运动在社交网络中传播信息以支持或反对给定的候选人,而传播则遵循了信息扩散的动态模型。当一条消息到达选民时,后者根据更新规则更改其首选项列表。选举控制问题要求找到一组有限的节点,以成为政治运动的首发(建设性问题)或反对(破坏性问题)给定的目标候选人$ c $,以至于$ c $ w.r.t.它投票最高的对手是最大化的。已经表明,该问题的几种变体可以在最佳的恒定因素近似中解决,这表明,通过社交网络控制选举是可行的,对于现代民主国家来说是一个真正的问题。但是,大多数文献都集中在单打选举的情况下。在本文中,我们为“多赢家选举”的社交网络中定义了选举控制问题,目的是建模议员选举。与单打案件不同,我们表明多获胜者选举控制问题在建设性和破坏性情况下在任何因素中都近似于NP。然后,我们研究了对问题的放松,在这些问题基于当事方(而不是单个候选人)中进行了汇总,这是一些真正的议员选举中所谓的“直方投票”的变体。我们表明后一个问题仍然是NP-HARD,但可以近似于恒定因素。

In an election, we are given a set of voters, each having a preference list over a set of candidates, that are distributed on a social network. We consider a scenario where voters may change their preference lists as a consequence of the messages received by their neighbors in a social network. Specifically, we consider a political campaign that spreads messages in a social network in support or against a given candidate and the spreading follows a dynamic model for information diffusion. When a message reaches a voter, this latter changes its preference list according to an update rule. The election control problem asks to find a bounded set of nodes to be the starter of a political campaign in support (constructive problem) or against (destructive problem) a given target candidate $c$, in such a way that the margin of victory of $c$ w.r.t. its most voted opponents is maximized. It has been shown that several variants of the problem can be solved within a constant factor approximation of the optimum, which shows that controlling elections by means of social networks is doable and constitutes a real problem for modern democracies. Most of the literature, however, focuses on the case of single-winner elections. In this paper, we define the election control problem in social networks for "multi-winner elections" with the aim of modeling parliamentarian elections. Differently from the single-winner case, we show that the multi-winner election control problem is NP-hard to approximate within any factor in both constructive and destructive cases. We then study a relaxation of the problem where votes are aggregated on the basis of parties (instead of single candidates), which is a variation of the so-called "straight-party voting" used in some real parliamentarian elections. We show that the latter problem remains NP-hard but can be approximated within a constant factor.

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