论文标题

宜居性是自然的连续特性

Habitability is a continuous property of nature

论文作者

Heller, René

论文摘要

在他们最近的评论中,Cockell等人。认为环境的宜居性从根本上是二元财产。也就是说,环境可以支持给定生物体的代谢过程。他们认为,不同环境的宜居性可能具有不同的程度,至少在理论上可以通过回答以下问题来确定:“这种环境对给定生物体可居住吗?”然后,“更多”或“更少”的宜居环境可以通过对什么是从根本上给出的一系列二元问题和决策的答案来关联的。我认为,对于这种推理行为,至少有三个隐含的假设是令人难以置信的,并且会破坏结论。首先是生物体的遗传多样性,我认为这从根本上是连续的,样品的二元结构并不有意义。第二个误解是假设生态系统可以分解为独立样本的子集。第三个问题是环境的定义。环境的问题是空间和时间上的连续问题,因此构成的任何适用于环境样本的概念也必须是连续的。总而言之,居住性是否是二进制数量的问题使我们回到了我们的生命概念以及生活在(或不存在)的环境中是二进制或非二元的问题。我认为是后者,因此任何现代的可居住概念都必须是连续的。

In their recent comment, Cockell et al. argue that the habitability of an environment is fundamentally a binary property; that is to say, an environment can either support the metabolic processes of a given organism or not. The habitability of different environments, they argue, may have different degrees that could be determined at least in theory by answering the question: 'is this environment habitable to a given organism?' 'More' or 'less' habitable environments could then be related by the number of yes or no answers given to what is fundamentally a series of binary questions and decisions. In my opinion, there are at least three implicit assumptions made for this line of reasoning that are implausible and that sabotage the conclusions. The first is in the genetic diversity of the organisms, which I argue is fundamentally continuous in nature and a binary construction of the sample is not meaningful. The second misconception is in the assumption that an ecosystem can be decomposed into subsets of independent samples. The third problem is in the definition of an environment. The question of the environment is a continuous one in both space and time and thus any concept constructed to be applicable to a sample of environments must be continuous as well. In summary, the question of whether habitability is a binary quantity or not brings us back to the question of whether our concepts of life and of the environments that life thrives in (or not) are binary or non-binary. I argue that the latter is the case, and hence any modern concept of habitability must be continuous too.

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